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Sökning: WFRF:(Jonsson R) > Samhällsvetenskap

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1.
  • Mishra, A, et al. (författare)
  • Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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2.
  • Hesslow, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Internet-delivered psychodynamic psychotherapy in the treatment of social anxiety disorder
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Abstracts from the 7th Swedish Congress on internet interventions (SWEsrii). - Linköping : Linköping University Press. ; , s. 12-12
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental health disorders. Effective treatments exist, but limited access and high costs causes many sufferers to remain untreated. As not all patients accept the CBTmodel of psychopathology, alternative treatments are desirable. We conducted two studies to help establish the efficacy of a psychodynamic model of guided self-help (IPDT). In the first study (N=72) participants were randomized to either ten weeks of IPDT or a waiting list control condition. Mixed-effects models revealed a significant difference at post-treatment in favor of the treatment condition on the primary outcome measure, LSAS-SR, with a large effect size. Rates of remission were comparable to recent face-to-face trials, and improvements were maintained at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The second study was a pilot preference study where the control group in study 1 chose either IPDT (N=23) or ICBT (N=13). Both treatments led to moderate improvements. Notably, both groups suffered an exacerbation of interpersonal symptoms at 6-month follow-up. In summary, the results suggest that IPDT is effective in the treatment of social anxiety, with effect sizes in the same range as ICBT and face-to-face psychotherapy.
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3.
  • Arora-Jonsson, Seema, et al. (författare)
  • Voices from the field: Working for a just climate in India
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Just Transitions: Gender and Power in India’s Climate Politics. - 9781000969580 ; , s. 74-92
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this chapter, Seema Arora-Jonsson discusses the question of just transitions with a cross section of people working for a better climate in India: a former civil servant and climate negotiator who has long worked with climate issues, a practitioner/activist working on just transitions in an NGO, an activist with a long history in the women’s grassroots movements, a gender activist who has worked extensively with climate change at the international level as well as a networker who maintains a platform for corporations for climate finance. We discuss the context in which transitions are taking place, go on to current policy approaches and its gendered aspects and the structural challenges and barriers of policy approaches to a just transition. In the overarching gloom, we also discuss the rays of hope, and we end with what we believe is needed to take the world into a sustainable and climate-resilient place.
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6.
  • Adolphson, Marcus, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • Regionalt planeringsarbete: Komplex kunskap i demokratiska planprocesser : Antologi
  • 2021
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • InnehållsförteckningInledningUtgångspunkter för stads- och regionplaneringIntroduktionHall P. (2002). Urban and Regional Planning, pp. 1-9. London: RoutledgeCampell S., Fainstein S. S., (2012). Introduction In Readings in planning theory, pp. 1-16. Blackwell,Cambridge, Mass.Taylor N. (1998). Urban planning theory since 1945. London: SAGE. (19 sid)Allmendinger P. (2017). Planning theory, pp. 5-6, 16, 35-50. Basingstoke: PalgraveSayer A. (2010). Methods in social science. A realist approach. pp. 16-19, 44-49. London: Routledge.Yiftachel O. (1989). Towards a new type of urban planning theories. Environment and planning B: Planning and design, 16, 23-39Thrift N. J. (1983). On the determination of social action in space and time. Environment and planningD, 1, 23-57.Utmaning 1: Vilken kunskap är relevant i en planeringsprocess?IntroduktionRydin Y. (2007). Re-Examining the role of knowledge within planning theory. Planning theory , 6 (1),52-68.Easton D. (1965). A framework for political analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.)Parsons T. (1968) “Social Systems”. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (pp 458-473).New York: Macmillan.)Utmaning 2: Hur kan komplex kunskap integreras i en planeringsorganisation och bidra tillinstitutionell kapacitet?IntroduktionHealey P. (1998). Building institutional capacity through collaborative approaches to urban planning.Environment and planning A. 30, 1531-1646Feitelson, E. I. (2011). Issue Generating Assessment: Bridging the gap between evaluation theory andpractice? Planning Theory and Practice, 12(4), 549-568.Adolphson M. and Jonsson D. (2020). Uncover the theory practice gap in Swedish transportplanning: an interdisciplinary approach. European Planning Studies. 28(11), 2237-2260.)Utmaning 3: Hur kan (politiska) värderingar integreras i en planeringsprocessIntroduktionHabermas J. (2007[1996]). Civil society and political public spheres. In C Calhoun, J Gerties, J Moody,S Pfaff and I Virk (Eds.) Contemporary sociological theory (pp 388-407). Malden MA, BlackwellPublishing.Ahlenius I-B. (2012). Staten är inte ett företag. Stockholm: Dagens nyheter (20120817)Kiernan M J (1983) Ideology, politics, and planning: reflections on the theory and practice of urbanplanning. Environment and planning B: Planning and design, 10, pp 71-87Davidoff P: (1965). Advocacy and pluralism in planning. In Campell S., Fainstein S. S. (Eds.). (2003).Readings in planning theory, pp. 277-296. Blackwell, Cambridge, Mass.Utmaning 4: Hur kan komplex expertkunskap integreras i demokratisk/kommunikativplanering?IntroduktionLindblom C. E. (1959[1996]). The science of ”Muddling through”. In Campell S., Fainstein S. S., (Eds.)(1996). Readings in planning theory. pp. 79-88. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.Hertting N och Hellquist A. (uå). Om svenska demokratiutvecklares ideer och konsten att institutionalisera medborgardialog i lokal politik. IBF, Uppsala Universitet
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7.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al. (författare)
  • An integrated method for assessing climate-related risks and adaptation alternatives in urban areas
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Climate Risk Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0963. ; 7, s. 31-50
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2015 The Authors. The urban environment is a complex structure with interlinked social, ecological and technical structures. Global warming is expected to have a broad variety of impacts, which will add to the complexity. Climate changes will force adaptation, to reduce climate-related risks. Adaptation measures can address one aspect at the time, or aim for a holistic approach to avoid maladaptation. This paper presents a systematic, integrated approach for assessing alternatives for reducing the risks of heat waves, flooding and air pollution in urban settings, with the aim of reducing the risk of maladaptation. The study includes strategies covering different spatial scales, and both the current climate situation and the climate predicted under climate change scenarios. The adaptation strategies investigated included increasing vegetation; selecting density, height and colour of buildings; and retreat or resist (defend) against sea-level rise. Their effectiveness was assessed with regard to not only flooding, heat stress and air quality but also with regard to resource use, emissions to air (incl. GHG), soil and water, and people's perceptions and vulnerability. The effectiveness of the strategies were ranked on a common scale (from -3 to 3) in an integrated assessment. Integrated assessments are recommended, as they help identify the most sustainable solutions, but to reduce the risk of maladaptation they require experts from a variety of disciplines. The most generally applicable recommendation, derived from the integrated assessment here, taking into account both expertise from different municipal departments, literature surveys, life cycle assessments and publics perceptions, is to increase the urban greenery, as it contributes to several positive aspects such as heat stress mitigation, air quality improvement, effective storm-water and flood-risk management, and it has several positive social impacts. The most favourable alternative was compact, mid-rise, light coloured building design with large parks/green areas and trees near buildings.
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8.
  • Ask, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • The Innovative Exploration Drilling and Data Acquisition Research School
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: NSG2021 27th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. - : European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Innovative Exploration Drilling and Data Acquisition Research School (I-EDDA-RS) is aimed at educating emerging scientists and engineers in on-site drilling and geoscientific investigation technology for mining. I-EDDA-RS consists if a consortium of scientists and specialists from six universities and research institutes in Germany and Sweden. A central component of the research school is that the courses have hands-on components at drill sites, boreholes and repositories. In addition, a course on entrepreneurial skills required in the exploration industry is also included in I-EDDA-RS. The arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in altered plans. Instead of offering ten courses with strong field work, practical, and entrepreneurial components during 2020, four courses via distant learning were offered. While this was disappointing in many aspects, two of the courses attracted a larger group of students from a wider part of the world than original envisioned. Outreach via on-line and open webinars is also a route to explore, as a complement to meetings and conferences in real life. The I-EDDA-RS courses in 2021 welcomes students at MSc & PhD level, as well as experienced professionals for lifelong learning (c.f. https://www.iedda.eu/rs). The form and type of teaching is to be determined. 
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9.
  • Bexelius, C, et al. (författare)
  • Drivers of cost and health-related quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a Swedish nationwide study based on patient reports
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0962 .- 0961-2033. ; 22:8, s. 793-801
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective of this paper is to investigate drivers of cost and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) related to disease activity and fatigue among patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). A questionnaire was sent to members of a patient organization with a self-reported diagnosis of SLE, requesting information on demographics and disease characteristics, medications, resource utilization, informal care, loss of productivity, fatigue and HRQoL in relation to SLE. Mean annual costs per patient were estimated from a societal perspective. HRQoL was measured through EQ-5D and fatigue was measured through a 10 cm VAS scale. Patient-reported disease activity was measured through the Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ) and corticosteroid dose. Drivers of costs and HRQoL were analyzed through regression analysis. A total of 339 patients out of 737 returned the questionnaire. Mean age was 55; 94% were female. The mean HRQoL measured through the five-item EQ-5D instrument was 0.64 and total costs were estimated at €22,594 (direct costs €7818; indirect costs €14,776). Disease activity, fatigue and corticosteroid doses had a statistically significant impact on costs and HRQoL. This study demonstrates that Swedish patients with SLE have low HRQoL and incur high societal costs and that are both associated with and most likely driven by disease activity, fatigue and corticosteroid use.
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