| 1. |
- Helgadottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The same sequence variant on 9p21 associates with myocardial infarction, abdominal aortic aneurysm and intracranial aneurysm
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 40:2, s. 217-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, two common sequence variants on 9p21, tagged by rs10757278-G and rs10811661-T, were reported to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)(1-4) and type 2 diabetes (T2D)(5-7), respectively. We proceeded to further investigate the contributions of these variants to arterial diseases and T2D. Here we report that rs10757278-G is associated with, in addition to CAD, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; odds ratio (OR) 1.31, P = 1.2 x 10(-12)) and intracranial aneurysm (OR = 1.29, P = 2.5 x 10(-6)), but not with T2D. This variant is the first to be described that affects the risk of AAA and intracranial aneurysm in many populations. The association of rs10811661-T to T2D replicates in our samples, but the variant does not associate with any of the five arterial diseases examined. These findings extend our insight into the role of the sequence variant tagged by rs10757278-G and show that it is not confined to atherosclerotic diseases.
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| 2. |
- Zeggini, Eleftheria, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 40:5, s. 638-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified multiple loci at which common variants modestly but reproducibly influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D)(1-11). Established associations to common and rare variants explain only a small proportion of the heritability of T2D. As previously published analyses had limited power to identify variants with modest effects, we carried out meta-analysis of three T2D GWA scans comprising 10,128 individuals of European descent and similar to 2.2 million SNPs (directly genotyped and imputed), followed by replication testing in an independent sample with an effective sample size of up to 53,975. We detected at least six previously unknown loci with robust evidence for association, including the JAZF1 (P=5.0 x 10(-14)), CDC123-CAMK1D (P=1.2 x 10(-10)), TSPAN8-LGR5 (P=1.1 x 10(-9)), THADA (P=1.1 x 10(-9)), ADAMTS9 (P=1.2 x 10(-8)) and NOTCH2 (P=4.1 x 10(-8)) gene regions. Our results illustrate the value of large discovery and follow-up samples for gaining further insights into the inherited basis of T2D.
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| 3. |
- Arnbjerg, Lene M., et al.
(författare)
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Structure and Dynamics for LiBH4-LiCl Solid Solutions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 21:24, s. 5772-5782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Surprisingly high degree of structural and compositional dynamics is observed in the system LiBH4-LiCl as a function of temperature and time. Rietveld refinement of synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) data reveals that Cl- readily substitutes for BH4- in the Structure of LiBH4. Prolonged heating a sample of LiBH4-LiCl (1:1 molar ratio) above the phase transition temperature and below the melting point (108 < T < 275 degrees C) can produce highly chloride substituted hexagonal lithium borohydride, h-Li(BH4)(l-x)Cl-x, e.g., x similar to 0.42, after heating from room temperature (RT) to 224 degrees C at 2.5 degrees C/min. LiCl has a higher solubility in h-LiBH4 its compared to orthorhombic lithium borohydride, o-LiBH4, which is illustrated by a LiBH4-LiCl (1:1) sample equilibrated at 245 degrees C for 24 days and left at RT for another 13 months. Rietveld refinement reveals that this sample contains o-Li(BH4)(0.91)Cl-0.09 and LiCl. This illustrates a significantly faster dissolution of LiCl in h-LiBH4 its compared to a slower segregation of LiCl from o-LiBH4, which is also demonstrated by in situ SR-PXD from three cycles of heating and cooling of the same Li(BH4)(0.91)Cl-0.09 sample. The substitution of the smaller Cl- for the larger BH4- ion is clearly observed as a reduction in the unit cell volume as a function of time and temperature. A significant stabilization of h-LiBH4 is found to depend on the degree of anion substitution. Variable temperature solid-state magic-angle spinning (MAS) Li-7 and B-13 NMR experiments oil pure LiBH4 show an increase in full width at half maximum (fwhm) when approaching the phase transition from o- to h-LiBH4, which indicates an increase of the relaxation rate (i.e. T-2 decreases). A less pronounced effect is observed for ion-substituted Li(BH4)(1-x)Cl-x, 0.09 < x < 0.42. The MAS NMR experiments also demonstrate a higher degree of motion in the hexagonal phase, i.e., fwhm is reduced by more than a Factor of 10 at the o- to h-LiBH4 phase transition.
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| 4. |
- Asplund, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Relative risks for stroke by age, sex, and population based on follow-up of 18 European populations in the MORGAM Project
- 2009
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Ingår i: Stroke. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 40:7, s. 2319-2326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Within the framework of the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) Project, the variations in impact of classical risk factors of stroke by population, sex, and age were analyzed. METHODS: Follow-up data were collected in 43 cohorts in 18 populations in 8 European countries surveyed for cardiovascular risk factors. In 93 695 persons aged 19 to 77 years and free of major cardiovascular disease at baseline, total observation years were 1 234 252 and the number of stroke events analyzed was 3142. Hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: Each year of age increased the risk of stroke (fatal and nonfatal together) by 9% (95% CI, 9% to 10%) in men and by 10% (9% to 10%) in women. A 10-mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure involved a similar increase in risk in men (28%; 24% to 32%) and women (25%; 20% to 29%). Smoking conferred a similar excess risk in women (104%; 78% to 133%) and in men (82%; 66% to 100%). The effect of increasing body mass index was very modest. Higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased the risk of stroke more in women (hazard ratio per mmol/L 0.58; 0.49 to 0.68) than in men (0.80; 0.69 to 0.92). The impact of the individual risk factors differed somewhat between countries/regions with high blood pressure being particularly important in central Europe (Poland and Lithuania). CONCLUSIONS: Age, sex, and region-specific estimates of relative risks for stroke conferred by classical risk factors in various regions of Europe are provided. From a public health perspective, an important lesson is that smoking confers a high risk for stroke across Europe.
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| 5. |
- Giampaoli, Simona, et al.
(författare)
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Foreword.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. - 1741-8267. ; 14 Suppl 3, s. S1-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Gloster, Tracey M., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and three-dimensional structures of two distinct bacterial xyloglucanases from families GH5 and GH12
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 282:26, s. 19177-19189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The plant cell wall is a complex material in which the cellulose microfibrils are embedded within a mesh of other polysaccharides, some of which are loosely termed hemicellulose. One such hemicellulose is xyloglucan, which displays a beta-1,4-linked D-glucose backbone substituted with xylose, galactose, and occasionally fucose moieties. Both xyloglucan and the enzymes responsible for its modification and degradation are finding increasing prominence, reflecting both the drive for enzymatic biomass conversion, their role in detergent applications, and the utility of modified xyloglucans for cellulose fiber modification. Here we present the enzymatic characterization and three-dimensional structures in ligand free and xyloglucan- oligosaccharide complexed forms of two distinct xyloglucanases from glycoside hydrolase families GH5 and GH12. The enzymes, Paenibacillus pabuli XG5 and Bacillus licheniformis XG12, both display open active center grooves grafted upon their respective (beta/alpha)(8) and beta-jelly roll folds, in which the side chain decorations of xyloglucan may be accommodated. For the beta-jelly roll enzyme topology of GH12, binding of xylosyl and pendant galactosyl moieties is tolerated, but the enzymeis similarly competent in the degradation of unbranched glucans. In the case of the (beta/alpha)(8) GH5 enzyme, kinetically productive interactions are made with both xylose and galactose substituents, as reflected in both a high specific activity on xyloglucan and the kinetics of a series of aryl glycosides. The differential strategies for the accommodation of the side chains of xyloglucan presumably facilitate the action of these microbial hydrolases in milieus where diverse and differently substituted substrates may be encountered.
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| 7. |
- Mosegaard, Lene, et al.
(författare)
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Reactivity of LiBH4: In situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 112:4, s. 1299-1303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium tetrahydridoboranate (LiBH4) may be a potentially interesting material for hydrogen storage, but in order to absorb and desorb hydrogen routinely and reversibly, the kinetics and thermodynamics need to be improved significantly. A priori, this material has one of the highest theoretical gravimetric hydrogen contents, 18.5 wt%, but unfortunately for practical applications, hydrogen release occurs at too high temperature in a non-reversible way. By means of in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD), the interaction between LiBH4 and different additives-SiO2, TiCl3, LiCl, and Au - is investigated. It is found that silicon dioxide reacts with molten LiBH4 and forms Li2SiO3 or Li4SiO4 at relatively low amounts of SiO2, e.g., with 5.0 and 9.9 mol % SiO2 in LiBH4, Whereas, for higher amounts of SiO2 (e.g., 25.5 mol %), only the Li2SiO3 phase is observed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a solid-state reaction occurs between LiBH4 and TiCl3 to form LiCl at room temperature. At elevated temperatures, more LiCl is formed simultaneously with a decrease in the diffracted intensity from TiCl3. Lithium chloride shows some solubility in solid LiBH4 at T > 100 degrees C. This is the first report of substituents that accommodate the structure of LiBH4 by a solid/solid dissolution reaction. Gold is found to react with molten LiBH4 forming a Li-Au alloy with CuAu3-type structure. These studies demonstrate that molten LiBH4 has a high reactivity, and finding a catalyst for this H-rich system may be a challenge.
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