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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Jun Wang) ;lar1:(ltu)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Jun Wang) > Luleå tekniska universitet

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1.
  • Bentham, James, et al. (författare)
  • A century of trends in adult human height
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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2.
  • Wang, Haibin, et al. (författare)
  • Strain in Copper/Ceria Heterostructure Promotes Electrosynthesis of Multicarbon Products
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:1, s. 346-354
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Elastic strains in metallic catalysts induce enhanced selectivity for carbon dioxide reduction (CO2R) toward valuable multicarbon (C2+) products. However, under working conditions, the structure of catalysts inevitably undergoes reconstruction, hardly retaining the initial strain. Herein, we present a metal/metal oxide synthetic strategy to introduce and maintain the tensile strain in a copper/ceria heterostructure, enabled by the presence of a thin interface layer of Cu2O/CeO2. The tensile strain in the copper domain and deficient electron environment around interfacial Cu sites resulted in strengthened adsorption of carbonaceous intermediates and promoted*CO dimerization. The strain effect in the copper/ceria heterostructure leads to an improved C2+ selectivity with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 76.4% and a half-cell power conversion efficiency of 49.1%. The fundamental insights gained from this system can facilitate the rational design of heterostructure catalysts for CO2R.
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3.
  • Zhou, Bin, et al. (författare)
  • Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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4.
  • Han, Mei, et al. (författare)
  • Promoted Self-construction of β-NiOOH in Amorphous High Entropy Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B. - : Elsevier. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 301
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The exploration of an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgently required for sustainable renewable-energy conversion and storage. Due to the increased chemical complexity, multimetallic catalysts provide flexibility to alter their electronic and crystal structure to attain a superior intrinsic catalytic activity via synergistic effects, which is seldom accomplished using single metal catalysts. However, the high chemical complexity increases the difficulty to prepare elemental homogenous catalysts and reveal their synergistic effect during OER process, which further hinder the design of multimetallic catalysts. Here, high entropy concept is utilized to design an NiFeCoMnAl oxide with amorphous structure as OER catalyst. The direct evidence of active Ni sites is provided by the operando Raman measurements and Fe can modify oxygen intermediates binding energy on Ni sites. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveal that the incorporation of Mn can construct the electron-rich environment of active Ni center, and the relatively lower oxidation state of Ni facilitates the self-construction of β-NiOOH intermediates, which shows promoted OER activity as confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Doping Co can enhance the conductivity and doping Al leads to the formation of nanoporous structure through dealloying process, thus each component is essential for improving OER performance. The optimized NiFeCoMnAl catalyst exhibits an overpotential of 190 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH solution, much superior to the ternary and quaternary counterparts. This work sheds light on understanding the origin of high entropy catalysts’ OER activity and thereby enables the rational design of multinary transition metallic catalysts.
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5.
  • Wang, Xiangjian, et al. (författare)
  • Large electrical strain in lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based ceramics by heterovalent doping
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materiomics. - : Elsevier. - 2352-8478 .- 2352-8486. ; 9:5, s. 959-970
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heterovalent doped (K0.48-0.07xNa0.52-0.43xBi0.5x)(Nb0.95-0.95xSb0.05-0.05xZrx)O3 ceramics were fabricated using conventional solid-state reaction. Then, the phase structures, dielectric, ferroelectric, and electric-strain properties were investigated. The compositions were tuned to be located at polymorphic phase boundary with increasing heterovalent Bi3+ and Zr4+ doping levels. A large strain of 0.19% was obtained at relatively low electric fields of 30 kV/cm in the composition of x = 0.04. The normalized large-signal d33* values were approximately 633 pm/V under a low driving electric field of 30 kV/cm, which were comparable or larger than the values reported for other lead-free families. The large strains obtained can be attributed to the formation of nanodomains and high-density domain walls, which were confirmed by the observations of domain morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique. Excellent temperature stability of the strain properties of the x = 0.04 sample could be ascribed to the sluggish behaviour for the local structural heterogeneity in heterovalent-ion doped KNN ceramic. Theoretical simulations revealed that the Zr4+ produce the local stress at the BO6 octahedra and Bi3+ could yield off-centering of AO12 ployhedron due to the nature of Bi 6s lone pair electrons, which induced lattice expansion and local distortions in the sample. The local displacements are strongly anisotropic in heterovalent-ion doped system. It is believed that random local fields exist in these compositions owing to the eixstence of charge distribution. Such heterovalent doping of Bi3+ and Zr4+ could destory simutiously the orthorhombic symmetry and the short-range ferroelecctric order, leading to the formation of complex nanodomains and local structral hetergenenity. Heterovalent doping may, therefore, offer a new avenve to design novel K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) -based materials for their mutifunctional applications.
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6.
  • Zhao, Jun, et al. (författare)
  • Real-Time and Online Lubricating Oil Condition Monitoring Enabled by Triboelectric Nanogenerator
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 15:7, s. 11869-11879
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An intelligent monitoring lubricant is essential for the development of smart machines because unexpected and fatal failures of critical dynamic components in the machines happen every day, threatening the life and health of humans. Inspired by the triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) work on water, we present a feasible way to prepare a self-powered triboelectric sensor for real-time monitoring of lubricating oils via the contact electrification process of oil-solid contact (O-S TENG). Typical intruding contaminants in pure base oils can be successfully monitored. The O-S TENG has very good sensitivity, which even can respectively detect at least 1 mg mL-1 debris and 0.01 wt % water contaminants. Furthermore, the real-time monitoring of formulated engine lubricating oil in a real engine oil tank is achieved. Our results show that electron transfer is possible from an oil to solid surface during contact electrification. The electrical output characteristic depends on the screen effect from such as wear debris, deposited carbons, and age-induced organic molecules in oils. Previous work only qualitatively identified that the output ability of liquid can be improved by leaving less liquid adsorbed on the TENG surface, but the adsorption mass and adsorption speed of liquid and its consequences for the output performance were not studied. We quantitatively study the internal relationship between output ability and adsorbing behavior of lubricating oils by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) for liquid-solid contact interfaces. This study provides a real-time, online, self-powered strategy for intelligent diagnosis of lubricating oils.
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7.
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8.
  • Ji, Xiaoyan, et al. (författare)
  • A generalized method for the solid-liquid equilibrium stage and its application in process simulation
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 41, s. 2040-2046
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For the important need of simulations of the crystallization process in aqueous electrolyte solutions, a generalized method is proposed in this paper for predicting the solid-liquid equilibrium stage by identifying the number of phases and their identities automatically. The proposed method is also used to generate phase diagrams and crystallization paths and to provide an example of the software that can be used to design, simulate, and optimize the related process. Several cases are studied to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method for systems with hydrate, multi-ion, and complex salts.
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9.
  • Ji, Xiaoyan, et al. (författare)
  • Activity coefficients of HCl in the HCl + NH4Cl + H2O systems at 298.15 and 313.15 K
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9568 .- 1520-5134. ; 45:1, s. 29-33
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using the ion-selective electrode method with a concentrated electrolyte solution added continuously, the mean activity coefficients of HCl in the HCl + NH4Cl + H2O system were experimentally measured at 298.15 and 313.15 K and at five molality fractions of NH4Cl (y2 = mNH4Cl/(mHCl + mNH4Cl) from 0.1 to 0.9. The measurements were made by an electrochemical cell using a H glass ion-selective electrode and a chloride solid-state ion-selective electrode. It was found that the influence of NH4+ on the H glass ion-selective electrode could be neglected up to 1.3 molkg-1, and this pair of ion-selective electrodes was suitable for determining the activity coefficients of HCl in the system. A new set of Pitzer mixing parameters, correlated from the experimental results, was used to calculate the activity coefficients for HCl in the system from 293.15 to 313.15 K up to 3.0 molkg-1.
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10.
  • Ji, Xiaoyan, et al. (författare)
  • Determination of dissolution kinetics of K2SO4 crystal with ion selective electrode
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Science. - 0009-2509 .- 1873-4405. ; 56, s. 7017-7024
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The dissolution kinetics of potassium sulfate crystals was studied and the effects of hydrodynamic situation and temperature on the dissolution were investigated. The dissolution was determined by measuring the change of electromotive force (E) with the potassium ion selective electrode. From the values of E, the concentration of K+ was calculated combined with an activity coefficient model. The results are accurate and rapid, the maximum deviation is less than 2%. Theory, developed for constant bulk concentration in a rotating disk system, was modified in order to analyze the general grain dissolution process. Normal distribution was introduced in calculating the area of crystals in order to obtain reliable dissolution rate. Using the modified theory diffusion rate constant, equilibrium exchange rate constant and thickness of diffusion layer were obtained. It is found that the diffusion rate constants increase while the thickness of diffusion layer decreases with the increase of temperature and stirring speed; the equilibrium exchange rate is dependent on bulk concentration.
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