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- Pantazis, N, et al.
(author)
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Determining the likely place of HIV acquisition for migrants in Europe combining subject-specific information and biomarkers data
- 2019
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In: Statistical methods in medical research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0334 .- 0962-2802. ; 28:7, s. 1979-1997
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In most HIV-positive individuals, infection time is only known to lie between the time an individual started being at risk for HIV and diagnosis time. However, a more accurate estimate of infection time is very important in certain cases. For example, one of the objectives of the Advancing Migrant Access to Health Services in Europe (aMASE) study was to determine if HIV-positive migrants, diagnosed in Europe, were infected pre- or post-migration. We propose a method to derive subject-specific estimates of unknown infection times using information from HIV biomarkers’ measurements, demographic, clinical, and behavioral data. We assume that CD4 cell count (CD4) and HIV-RNA viral load trends after HIV infection follow a bivariate linear mixed model. Using post-diagnosis CD4 and viral load measurements and applying the Bayes’ rule, we derived the posterior distribution of the HIV infection time, whereas the prior distribution was informed by AIDS status at diagnosis and behavioral data. Parameters of the CD4–viral load and time-to-AIDS models were estimated using data from a large study of individuals with known HIV infection times (CASCADE). Simulations showed substantial predictive ability (e.g. 84% of the infections were correctly classified as pre- or post-migration). Application to the aMASE study ( n = 2009) showed that 47% of African migrants and 67% to 72% of migrants from other regions were most likely infected post-migration. Applying a Bayesian method based on bivariate modeling of CD4 and viral load, and subject-specific information, we found that the majority of HIV-positive migrants in aMASE were most likely infected after their migration to Europe.
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- Andreeva, M. A., et al.
(author)
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Nuclear resonant reflectivity with standing waves for the investigation of a thin 57Fe layer buried inside a superconducting Si/[Mo/Si]45/57Fe/Nb multilayer
- 2008
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 266:1, s. 187-196
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A special multilayer sample Si/[Mo/Si]45/57Fe/Nb has been prepared for the depth selective investigations of the hyperfine fields in thin iron layer at low temperatures above and below the superconducting transition in the top Nb layer (Tc 8 K) by means of the nuclear resonant reflectivity with standing waves. The periodic multilayer [Mo/Si]45 below the iron layer in our sample was used as “a standing wave generator”. A weak magnetic hyperfine splitting in the 57Fe layer was detected just at low temperature. A slight variation of the nuclear resonant reflectivity time spectra measured above and below Tc was observed. At first it was supposed that this change of the spectrum shape is caused by the spatial modulation of ferromagnetic domains in the 57Fe layer caused by a proximity effect. A closer analysis, however, reveals that the spectrum variations are due to just the changes of the relative weights of the magnetic and paramagnetic phases in 57Fe layer.
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- Kuchenbaecker, K, et al.
(author)
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The transferability of lipid loci across African, Asian and European cohorts
- 2019
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4330-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most genome-wide association studies are based on samples of European descent. We assess whether the genetic determinants of blood lipids, a major cardiovascular risk factor, are shared across populations. Genetic correlations for lipids between European-ancestry and Asian cohorts are not significantly different from 1. A genetic risk score based on LDL-cholesterol-associated loci has consistent effects on serum levels in samples from the UK, Uganda and Greece (r = 0.23–0.28, p < 1.9 × 10−14). Overall, there is evidence of reproducibility for ~75% of the major lipid loci from European discovery studies, except triglyceride loci in the Ugandan samples (10% of loci). Individual transferable loci are identified using trans-ethnic colocalization. Ten of fourteen loci not transferable to the Ugandan population have pleiotropic associations with BMI in Europeans; none of the transferable loci do. The non-transferable loci might affect lipids by modifying food intake in environments rich in certain nutrients, which suggests a potential role for gene-environment interactions.
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