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- Maksimovic, M., et al.
(author)
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First observations and performance of the RPW instrument on board the Solar Orbiter mission
- 2021
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 656
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument on the ESA Solar Orbiter mission is designed to measure in situ magnetic and electric fields and waves from the continuum up to several hundred kHz. The RPW also observes solar and heliospheric radio emissions up to 16 MHz. It was switched on and its antennae were successfully deployed two days after the launch of Solar Orbiter on February 10, 2020. Since then, the instrument has acquired enough data to make it possible to assess its performance and the electromagnetic disturbances it experiences. In this article, we assess its scientific performance and present the first RPW observations. In particular, we focus on a statistical analysis of the first observations of interplanetary dust by the instrument's Thermal Noise Receiver. We also review the electro-magnetic disturbances that RPW suffers, especially those which potential users of the instrument data should be aware of before starting their research work.
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| 3. |
- Maksimovic, M., et al.
(author)
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The Solar Orbiter Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument
- 2020
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP SCIENCES S A. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 642
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument on the ESA Solar Orbiter mission is described in this paper. This instrument is designed to measure in-situ magnetic and electric fields and waves from the continuous to a few hundreds of kHz. RPW will also observe solar radio emissions up to 16 MHz. The RPW instrument is of primary importance to the Solar Orbiter mission and science requirements since it is essential to answer three of the four mission overarching science objectives. In addition RPW will exchange on-board data with the other in-situ instruments in order to process algorithms for interplanetary shocks and type III langmuir waves detections.
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| 4. |
- Benisty, H., et al.
(author)
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Low-loss photonic-crystal and monolithic InP integration : Bands, bends, lasers, filters
- 2004
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In: Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices II. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 0819452688 ; , s. 119-128
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Practical realizations of 2D (planar) photonics crystal (PhC) are either on a membrane or etched through a conventional heterostructure. While fascinating objects can emerge from the first approach, only the latter approach lends itself to a progressive integration of more compact PhC's towards monolithic PICs based on InP. We describe in this talk the various aspects from technology to functions and devices, as emerged from the European collaboration "PCIC". The main technology tour de force is deep-etching with aspect ratio of about 10 and vertical sidewall, achieved by three techniques (CAIBE, ICP-RIE, ECR-RIE). The basic functions explored are bends, splitters/combiners, mirrors, tapers, and the devices are filters and lasers. At the end of the talk, I will emphasize some positive aspects of "broad" multimode PhC waveguides, in view of compact add-drop filtering action, notably.
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| 5. |
- Davies, G., et al.
(author)
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Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function
- 2018
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
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| 7. |
- Sarwar, Nadeem, et al.
(author)
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Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease : a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies
- 2012
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In: The Lancet. - New York, NY, USA : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 379:9822, s. 1205-1213
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Persistent inflammation has been proposed to contribute to various stages in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) signalling propagates downstream inflammation cascades. To assess whether this pathway is causally relevant to coronary heart disease, we studied a functional genetic variant known to affect IL6R signalling. Methods: In a collaborative meta-analysis, we studied Asp358Ala (rs2228145) in IL6R in relation to a panel of conventional risk factors and inflammation biomarkers in 125 222 participants. We also compared the frequency of Asp358Ala in 51 441 patients with coronary heart disease and in 136 226 controls. To gain insight into possible mechanisms, we assessed Asp358Ala in relation to localised gene expression and to postlipopolysaccharide stimulation of interleukin 6. Findings: The minor allele frequency of Asp358Ala was 39%. Asp358Ala was not associated with lipid concentrations, blood pressure, adiposity, dysglycaemia, or smoking (p value for association per minor allele >= 0.04 for each). By contrast, for every copy of 358Ala inherited, mean concentration of IL6R increased by 34.3% (95% CI 30.4-38.2) and of interleukin 6 by 14.6% (10.7-18.4), and mean concentration of C-reactive protein was reduced by 7.5% (5.9-9.1) and of fibrinogen by 1.0% (0.7-1.3). For every copy of 358Ala inherited, risk of coronary heart disease was reduced by 3.4% (1.8-5.0). Asp358Ala was not related to IL6R mRNA levels or interleukin-6 production in monocytes. Interpretation: Large-scale human genetic and biomarker data are consistent with a causal association between IL6R-related pathways and coronary heart disease.
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| 8. |
- Drachmann, Fie F., et al.
(author)
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Sire breed has a larger impact on sensory and technological meat quality than dam breed in beef-on-dairy heifers reared on forage and semi-natural grasslands
- 2024
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In: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier. - 1871-1413. ; 282
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the meat quality of beef-on-dairy heifers from Holstein or Swedish Red-and-White dams sired by Angus or Charolais bulls reared on forage and semi-natural grasslands. Production systems with moderately high and low feeding intensities were compared, where animals grazed for one or two summers and were slaughtered at 20 or 27 months of age, respectively. Meat quality of crossbred heifers from Holstein and Swedish Red-and-White dams was comparable in M. longissimus lumborum (LL) and differed in pH, yellowness and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) in M. semimembranosus (SM) with Swedish Red-and-White being less tough. Compared with LL from Charolais crossbreeds, LL from Angus was redder and had lower WBSF, higher intramuscular fat concentration (IMF%), a more pronounced metallic flavour and a more pronounced umami taste. Meat quality of SM did not differ between Angus and Charolais crossbreeds. Generally, the production system with moderately high feeding intensity resulted in less tough beef that was lighter and less red and had higher IMF%. Consequently, beef from Charolais crossbreeds reared at a low feeding intensity exhibited the poorest meat quality with the lowest IMF% in LL (2.80 and 3.77 % for Holstein and Swedish Red-and-White, respectively). Nevertheless, crossbreeds did not differ in sensory meat quality. Generally, meat quality of beef-on-dairy heifers reared on forage and semi-natural grasslands was high, and while Angus crossbreeds delivered high-quality beef from both feeding intensities, Charolais crossbreeds are better suited for the moderately high feeding intensity, when aiming for high meat quality.
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| 9. |
- Edholm, David, et al.
(author)
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Preoperative 4-week low-calorie diet reduces liver volume and intrahepatic fat, and facilitates laparoscopic gastric bypass in morbidly obese
- 2011
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In: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 21:3, s. 345-350
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore changes in liver volume and intrahepatic fat in morbidly obese patients during 4 weeks of low-calorie diet (LCD) before surgery and to investigate if these changes would facilitate the following laparoscopic gastric bypass.METHODS: Fifteen female patients (121.3 kg, BMI 42.9) were treated preoperatively in an open study with LCD (800-1,100 kcal/day) during 4 weeks. Liver volume and fat content were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy before and after the LCD treatment.RESULTS: Liver appearance and the complexity of the surgery were scored at the operation. Eighteen control patients (114.4 kg, BMI 40.8), without LCD were scored similarly. Average weight loss in the LCD group was 7.5 kg, giving a mean weight of 113.9 kg at surgery. Liver volume decreased by 12% (p < 0.001) and intrahepatic fat by 40% (p < 0.001). According to the preoperative scoring, the size of the left liver lobe, sharpness of the liver edge, and exposure of the hiatal region were improved in the LCD group compared to the controls (all p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The overall complexity of the surgery was perceived lower in the LCD group (p < 0.05), due to improved exposure and reduced psychological stress (both p < 0.05). Four weeks of preoperative LCD resulted in a significant decrease in liver volume and intrahepatic fat content, and facilitated the subsequent laparoscopic gastric bypass as scored by the surgeon
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| 10. |
- Khamisi, Selwan, et al.
(author)
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Comparison between thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin and TSH-receptor antibodies in management of Graves' orbitopathy
- 2023
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In: Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0947-7349 .- 1439-3646. ; 131:04, s. 236-241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives TSH-receptor antibodies (TRAb) targeting the TSH receptor (TSH-R) induce hyperthyroidism in Graves´ disease (GD). Graves´ orbitopathy (GO) is influenced by stimulation of the TSH-R in the orbita. GO has been, among other factors, linked to high TRAb levels. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) is a relatively new method for assessing TSH-receptor antibodies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TSI in the management of GO.Methods Patients with newly diagnosed GD (n=30, median age 55 years (range 35–72), 29 women) received pharmacological therapy (methimazole+++thyroxine) for up to 24 months. GO was identified by clinical signs and symptoms. Eleven patients had GO at diagnosis, and another six developed GO during treatment. Blood samples for TSI and other thyroidal biomarkers were obtained at baseline and on five occasions during the 24-month follow-up. Twenty-two subjects completed the drug regimen without surgery or radioiodine treatment.Results At baseline, TSI was highly correlated with TRAb (r s =0.64, p<0.001), and both assays similarly correlated to fT3 values. TSI and TRAb did not differ significantly between GO and non-GO patients for visit v1 (n=30, 17 GO during the whole study) or at follow-up (n=22, 12 GO during the whole study). During follow-up, levels of TSI and TRAb decreased and normalized in both groups.Conclusion The present study does not support any added benefit of TSI compared to TRAb for the prediction and management of GO.
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