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- Ekberg, Kerstin, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetsgivares kostnader, åtgärder och anpassningar för sjuknärvarande och sjukfrånvarande medarbetare : samband med återgång i arbete och produktion
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studien syftade till att undersöka vilka åtgärder arbetsgivare gör för sjukskrivna medarbetare och vilka kostnader arbetsgivare och samhället har i samband med sjuknärvaro och sjukfrånvaro.Totalt 3000 sjukskrivna personer i AFA Försäkrings register med diagnoserna psykiska besvär eller besvär i rörelseorganen fick ett informationsbrev och förfrågan om samtycke till att forskarna skulle få skicka en enkät till deras arbetsledare; 393 sjukskrivna gav samtycke. En webbenkät skickades till dessa arbetsledare. Totalt 198 arbetsledare (50 %) till sjukskrivna personer besvarade enkäten.Resultaten visar att arbetsgivare genomför en rad olika åtgärder och anpassningar när en medarbetare blir sjukskriven. Analyserna visade att dessa åtgärder och anpassningar i viss mån beror på vem den sjukskrivne medarbetaren är. Åtgärder och anpassningar var vanligare för sjukskrivna med psykiska diagnoser, för högutbildade och för sjukskrivna i högkvalificerade yrken. Kvinnor fick i högre grad anpassningar och åtgärder såsom ändrade arbetsuppgifter och psykosocialt stöd jämfört med män.Demografiska faktorer visade sig ha mindre betydelse för om den sjukskrivne återgick i arbete eller ej. Multipla logistiska regressionsanalyser visade att åtgärder och anpassningar på arbetsplatsen hade signifikanta samband med en ökad chans för återgång i arbete. Resultaten visade också att för sjukskrivna medarbetare vars arbetsledare hade tagit många kontakter med andra aktörer, som HR-avdelningen, företagshälsan och/eller Försäkringskassan var sannolikheten lägre att den sjukskrivne medarbetaren återgick i arbete. Arbetsledare tog fler kontakter, om den sjukskrivne medarbetaren hade en psykisk diagnos.Sjuknärvaro och produktionsförlust före, under och efter sjukskrivningen skattades av arbetsledarna. Sammanlagt beräknades produktionsförlusterna till cirka SEK 100 000 per sjukskrivningsfall. Härutöver lägger arbetsgivare tid på att ta kontakter, genomföra åtgärder och anpassningar och organisera om arbetet. Arbetsledare hade mycket oklar eller saknade helt uppfattning om vad tid, åtgärder och anpassningar kostar, varför detta inte har kunnat analyseras närmare. De beräknade genomsnittliga kostnaderna till följd av produktivitetsförluster är således en underskattning av de faktiska kostnaderna för arbetsgivare.Studien visar att arbetsledares kunskap om vad sjuknärvaro och sjukfrånvaro kostar för verksamheten och för samhället är begränsad. En ökad kostnadsmedvetenhet skulle kunna stimulera till att större resurser läggs på att implementera policys för hälsofrämjande åtgärder och att utbilda arbetsledare i att hantera frågor om hälsa och arbetsförmåga på arbetsplatsen.
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- Fagerlind Ståhl, Anna-Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between organisation of work, work conditions, work-relatedf low and performance: a multilevel analysis
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate how organisation of work in terms of sociotechnical characteristics and use of tools inspired by lean production, and psychosocial conditions at the workplace, are associated with work-related flow and performance.A questionnaire including questions concerning work organisation, psychosocial work conditions, work-related flow and self-rated performance was sent to employees in ten Swedish organisations; 4442 people (56%) responded. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used in order to investigate organisation of work and work conditions in relation to work-related flow and performance. In addition, the association between work-related flow and performance was investigated.Our results show that a high degree of lean tool use in combination with a low degree of sociotechnical characteristics was negatively associated with work-related flow but positively associated with performance. When decision latitude, social capital, and innovative learning climate were included in the model, the association was no longer significant in relation to work-related flow, but remained and was strengthen in relation to performance. Work-related flow had a positive association with performance.The conclusion is that work-related flow and work conditions that enable individual and collective skill use are important for increased performance. When lean tools are used to a high degree, good decision latitude, social capital and innovative learning climate buffer negative effects on health, and increase performance.
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| 4. |
- Fagerlind Ståhl, Anna-Carin, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of lean tool use and work conditions on employee health : a longitudinal multilevel study
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Although lean production is an increasingly common approach to increase the efficiency of organisations, its effect on employee health is not clear. This longitudinal study investigates the effect of lean tool use and work conditions on work-related flow. Flow is a measure of health that reflects the experience of intrinsic motivation, absorption and work enjoyment.Methods: A questionnaire was sent to employees in seven organisations on two occasions with an interval of two years (n =1722). Multilevel linear regression analyses were used in order to investigate the association between the use of lean tools (i.e. standardisation, value stream mapping, visual monitoring, housekeeping and resource reduction), decision latitude, social capital, and innovative learning climate at baseline, and work-related flow at follow-up.Results: In multivariate analyses, adjusted for flow at baseline, use of lean tools was positively associated with work-related flow at follow-up. When the tools were investigated separately, only value stream mapping remained significant after adjustment for work conditions and flow at baseline. Social capital and decision latitude were positively associated with flow at follow-up. Flow at baseline and follow-up were strongly associated.Conclusions: The extent to which lean tool use has an effect on employee health depends on which tools are used. Work conditions that support learning, such as decision latitude and social capital, are associated with a longitudinal increase in the experience of work-related flow, and are important for gaining health-promoting benefits from the use of lean tools.
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- Karlsson, Nadine
(författare)
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Prospective cohort studies of disability pension and mortality in a Swedish county
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to study risk factors for disability pension, focusing on sociodemographic risk factors and sick-leave diagnoses, and also to investigate the risk of mortality among disability pension recipients. The research comprised four register studies of all people in the Östergötland County who were 16 64 years of age in December 1984, representing a total cohort of 245,704 persons. The first study was a 12-year follow-up based on the 229,864 individuals in the cohort who at baseline were not receiving disability pension or old-age pension. The second investigation constituted a 10-year follow-up of the 19,379 people aged 16-60 years who had a new period of long-term (≥ 56 days) sick-leave spell in 1985 1987. The third and fourth studies were 12-year follow-ups of, respectively, the entire cohort, and all individuals in the cohort except those receiving a medically-based disability pension and missing disability pension diagnosis. The likelihood of being granted a disability pension within 12 years was 14 % for women and 11 % for men, and this increased with age. Women younger than 54 years were at higher risk than men (P < 0.001). The disability pensions were granted for full-time in 69% of the cases and more women received part-time pensions. Five years after inclusion, 28% of the cohort with long-term sick leave had been granted disability pension. The risk of such pension was greater for those who were older, had a low income, previous sick leave, no employment, no young children, or were born in a country other than Sweden. There was a gender-related difference in sick-leave diagnoses (P < 0.001): among the men, those with psychiatric diagnoses were at highest risk; among women, the risk was greatest for those with musculoskeletal diagnoses. This overall pattern of disability pension predictors was still apparent, albeit attenuated 5 10 years after inclusion. However, this was not true for income, the effect of which was reversed over time. The relative risk (RR) of all-cause mortality was higher for disability pension recipients than for individuals not collecting these benefits, and this applied to both women (RR 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6 3.0) and men (RR 3.0, 95% CI: 2.8 3.1), as well as all age groups. The relative risk of mortality was highest for the youngest disability pensioners, and it was lower for those with part-time benefits than for those collecting full pension. All groups receiving medically-based disability pension showed increased mortality due to all main causes of death both directly and not directly associated with the disability pension diagnoses. The magnitude of this increase varied depending on the diagnosis legitimating disability pension. There was a strong relationship between disability pension and future suicide among those granted disability pension due to psychiatric disorders (hazard ratio [HR] =12.0, 95% CI: 8.4 17.2 for women; and corresponding values 5.5, 95% CI: 4.0 7.6 for men), and the same was seen for men with cardiovascular diagnoses (HR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3 4.4). No increase in mortality due to any cause was found in the subjects over 55 years of age who were granted disability pension due to labour-market reasons.
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- Karlsson, Nadine, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of disability pension in relation to sex and age in a Swedish county 1985-1996; A 12-year prospective cohort study.
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Number of persons on disability pension is increasing in many countries. So far the nowledge on risk for disability pension in a population over time is very limited. Aim To estimate the cumulative probability of disability pension among women and men in different age groups over a 12-year period. Methods A population-based prospective longitudinal cohort study. All the 229,864 sick-insured individuals, aged 16–64 years in the Swedish County of Östergötland in 1984 who then had no disability or old age pension were followed to 1996. The following data was obtained for each of the 12 years for all the individuals: disability pension status, old-age retirement status, and date of death. The probability of being granted disability pension over the study period was estimated using life tables. The risk for disability pension was modelled as a function of sex and age using a Cox's proportional hazards model. 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results The cumulative estimates of the probability (in %) of being granted disability pension over 5 years adjusted for mortality and age retirement were, respectively 0.3, 0.9, 1.8, 6.3, and 22.8 for men and 0.4, 1.4, 3.2, 9.2, and 21.5 for women in the age groups 16–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, and 55–64 years. The probabilities increased much over the years, more so for the women. The hazard ratios of disability pension for women vs. men were 1.6 (1.4–1.8), 1.9 (1.7–2.0), 1.7 (1.6–1.8), 1.2 (1.2–1.3), and 0.9 (0.9–0.9) in the same five age groups. Conclusions There were significant both age and sex differences in the risk of being granted disability pension. The former was expected but that the later was so large and differed with ages was not expected. Except for the age group 55–64 years, women had a higher risk of disability pension than men. More knowledge is needed on factors affecting this.
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- Lohy Das, Jesmin, et al.
(författare)
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Population Pharmacokinetics of Artemether and Lumefantrine in Rwandese Pregnant Women Treated for Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artemisinin-based combination therapy (artemether-lumefantrine) is commonly used in pregnant malaria patients. Men, effekten af svangerskabsrelaterede ændringer på eksponering er uklar og svangerskabet har været forbundet med reduceret effektivitet i tidligere studier. Denne undersøgelse har som mål at karakterisere befolkningen af artemether farmakokinetik, dets aktive metabolit dihydroarthemisinin og lumefantrin hos toogtyve rwandiske gravide kvinder i anden og tredje trimester med ukompliceret Plasmodium falciparum malaria.These patients were enrolled from Rwamagana district hospital and received the standard fixed oral dose combination of 80 mg artemether and 480 mg lumefantrine twice daily for three days. Venous plasma concentrations were quantified for all three analytes using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectroscopy and analysed using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. Lumefantrine pharmacokinetics was described by a flexible but highly variable absorption, with a mean absorption time of 4.04 hours, followed by a bi-phasic disposition model. The median AUC0-∞was 641 μmg / L. Model-based simulations indicated that 11.7% of patients did not reach the target day 7 plasma concentration (280 ng / ml), a threshold associated with increased risk of recrudescence. The pharmacokinetics of artemether were time dependent and the autoinduction of its clearance was described using an enzyme turnover model. The turnover half-life was predicted to be 30.4 hours and the oral clearance of ARM at opportunity 1, increased 1.43 fold, compared at occasion 6. While lumefantrine pharmacokinetic target attainment appeared reassuring in Rwandan pregnant women, especially compared to target achievement in Southeast Asia , larger cohorts will be required to confirm this finding.
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