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| 2. |
- Bennett, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Floda kyrka
- 1988
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a Gender Difference in Voice Onset Time
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th Australian International Conference on Speech Science & Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the effect of gender on voice onset time distribution at three stages of speech development. Two subject groups consisting of children, aged approximately 3 and 9 years, were compared to adult speakers regarding voice onset time of initial plosives. The results showed significant gender effects in the aspirated plosives in the young subjects that were not present in the plosives produced by adults. It is hypothesised that the effect of gender at the earlier stages of develpment may be due to the differences in airflow intensity and variability.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Då or Tå, Pår or Bår - Seeing is believing!
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several acoustic properties of plosives have been established as correlates of voicing contrast, including voice onset time (VOT), F1 cut-back, aspiration duration and initial F1 and F2 transition. Therefore, acquisition of the voicing contrast for plosives could be viewed as gaining the ability to combine interacting acoustic cues in an adult-like manner, resulting in a large number of possible developmental routes. The presented investigation examined initial plosives produced by one child from ages 18¿31 months that had been judged as voiced in an auditory analysis. The results show that some perceptually voiced and unaspirated plosives (elicited using voiceless targets) were produced with VOT values within the range of voiceless plosives for adult speakers of Swedish, and also had increased duration of high frequency, aperiodic friction after plosive release. It was conjectured that the child was attempting a voicing contrast by using increased VOT and increased duration of aperiodic friction that were not perceptible to adult listeners.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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/sP/ consonant clusters in Swedish : Acoustic measurements of phonological development
- 2005
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Ingår i: Developmental Paths in Phonological Acquisition.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation into the development of a contrast in voicing production in simple and complex consonant clusters for 21 children. The results showed that, although the group results indicated a progression that may have been caused either by development in articulatory proficiency or by an growing underlying representation, individual children develop in a manner that is not consistent with a developmental model postulating only articulatory development.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, 1975-
(författare)
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The acquisition of contrast : a longitudinal investigation of initial s+plosive cluster development in Swedish children
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Thesis explores the development of word-initial s+plosive consonant clusters in the speech of Swedish children between the ages of 1;6 and 4;6. Development in the word-initial consonant clusters is viewed as being determined by 1) the children’s ability to articulate the target sequence of consonants, 2) the level of understanding of which acoustic features in the adult model production are significant for the signalling of the intended distinction, and 3) the children’s ability to apply established production patterns only to productions where the acquired feature agrees with the adult target, to achieve a contrast between rival output forms. This Thesis employs a method where output forms are contrasted with attempted productions of potential homonym target words. Thus, development is quantified as an increase in the manifestations of phonetic features where it agrees with the adult norm, coupled by a decrease in the same feature in output forms where it is inappropriate according to the specifications of the phonological system of the ambient language. Acoustic investigations of cues of voicing, aspiration, place of articulation and syllable onset complexity, and auditory investigations of place, manner and syllable onset complexity were conducted. The Thesis has four outcomes. One, a description of the perceptual quality of the productions in terms of place, manner, voicing and syllable onset complexity is presented. Two, a developmental sequence of stable acquisition of these features is proposed; manner is shown to be acquired first, followed by syllable onset complexity and place of articulation. Evidence is provided that the voiced/aspirated distinction is still being acquired at the end of the investigated age period. Three, the developmental use of acoustic cues of place and voicing are described. Voice Onset Time and Spectral Skewness are shown to be used by children in order to increase the likeness to the adult target in terms of voicing and place of articulation. Aspiration Amplitude is shown to be used as an auxiliary cue to Voice Onset Time. The place cues Spectral Tilt Change, F2, Spectral Mean and Spectral Variance were shown to be used in order to refine already produced consonants rather than approach the adult target model. Four, the Thesis provides evidence of periods of confusions in the output of children. With the reductions of these patterns of confusion, evidence is provided of children’s re-organisation of their internal representation of the consonant to be produced.
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