| 1. |
- Kanis, J A, et al.
(författare)
-
Previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update FRAX.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. - : Springer Nature. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 34:12, s. 2027-2045
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large international meta-analysis using primary data from 64 cohorts has quantified the increased risk of fracture associated with a previous history of fracture for future use in FRAX.The aim of this study was to quantify the fracture risk associated with a prior fracture on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex, time since baseline and bone mineral density (BMD).We studied 665,971 men and 1,438,535 women from 64 cohorts in 32 countries followed for a total of 19.5 million person-years. The effect of a prior history of fracture on the risk of any clinical fracture, any osteoporotic fracture, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture alone was examined using an extended Poisson model in each cohort. Covariates examined were age, sex, BMD, and duration of follow-up. The results of the different studies were merged by using the weighted β-coefficients.A previous fracture history, compared with individuals without a prior fracture, was associated with a significantly increased risk of any clinical fracture (hazard ratio, HR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.72-2.07). The risk ratio was similar for the outcome of osteoporotic fracture (HR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.69-2.07), major osteoporotic fracture (HR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.63-2.06), or for hip fracture (HR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.62-2.06). There was no significant difference in risk ratio between men and women. Subsequent fracture risk was marginally downward adjusted when account was taken of BMD. Low BMD explained a minority of the risk for any clinical fracture (14%), osteoporotic fracture (17%), and for hip fracture (33%). The risk ratio for all fracture outcomes related to prior fracture decreased significantly with adjustment for age and time since baseline examination.A previous history of fracture confers an increased risk of fracture of substantial importance beyond that explained by BMD. The effect is similar in men and women. Its quantitation on an international basis permits the more accurate use of this risk factor in case finding strategies.
|
|
| 2. |
- Karlsson, P, et al.
(författare)
-
Low-Density Cellulose-Based Foams: Preparation, Characterization and Biodegradation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Book of Abstracts EPNOE 2023. - : Graz University of Technology. ; , s. 345-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The demands for alternatives to fossil-based materials for the packaging and building sector is rapidly increasing as new regulations and laws are set. The usage of such materials in low- density applications is increasingly questioned since only a small amount is recycled and a large part ends up in the environment where it has a very long decomposition time and contributes to the emergence of microplastics in our marine eco systems. Alternatives to fossil- based low-density materials has been demonstrated using e.g., starch [1] and cellulose [2] as raw materials. However, challenges remain regarding the process parameters and properties such as strength and water integrity. To fulfil these properties requested by the specification owners, understanding is needed regarding which tools that are available for incorporating wet-integrity and hydrophobicity without causing the wet foam to collapse during the foaming or drying process. It is also of highest importance to have an early understanding of how such materials can be recycled and/or bio-degraded to fit a circular economy. In this study two different cross-linkers and two different types of hydrophobisers are used to obtain a wet stable and a water repelling low-density material. The wet foams are characterized by measuring the foamability and foam stability and the dry foams are characterized in terms of structure, porosity and degradability. Two demonstrators have been produced based on the most promising material composition and the up-scaling processes of the developed foaming technology to both batch-wise and continuous fabrication of composite foams is underway. Finally, a biodegradation study was conducted and evaluated.[1] S. Chaireh, P. Ngasatool, and K. Kaewtatip, “Novel composite foam made from starch and water hyacinth with beeswax coating for food packaging applications,” Int. J. Biol. Macromol., vol. 165, pp. 1382–1391, 2020[2] C. Qin, M. Yao, Y. Liu, Y. Yang, Y. Zong, and H. Zhao, “MFC/NFC-based foam/aerogel for production of porous materials: Preparation, properties and applications,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 13, no. 23, pp. 1–21, 2020
|
|
| 3. |
- Vandenput, Liesbeth, et al.
(författare)
-
A meta-analysis of previous falls and subsequent fracture risk in cohort studies
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 35:3, s. 469-494
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SummaryThe relationship between self-reported falls and fracture risk was estimated in an international meta-analysis of individual-level data from 46 prospective cohorts. Previous falls were associated with an increased fracture risk in women and men and should be considered as an additional risk factor in the FRAX® algorithm.IntroductionPrevious falls are a well-documented risk factor for subsequent fracture but have not yet been incorporated into the FRAX algorithm. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in an international meta-analysis, the association between previous falls and subsequent fracture risk and its relation to sex, age, duration of follow-up, and bone mineral density (BMD).MethodsThe resource comprised 906,359 women and men (66.9% female) from 46 prospective cohorts. Previous falls were uniformly defined as any fall occurring during the previous year in 43 cohorts; the remaining three cohorts had a different question construct. The association between previous falls and fracture risk (any clinical fracture, osteoporotic fracture, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture) was examined using an extension of the Poisson regression model in each cohort and each sex, followed by random-effects meta-analyses of the weighted beta coefficients.ResultsFalls in the past year were reported in 21.4% of individuals. During a follow-up of 9,102,207 person-years, 87,352 fractures occurred of which 19,509 were hip fractures. A previous fall was associated with a significantly increased risk of any clinical fracture both in women (hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–1.51) and men (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.41–1.67). The HRs were of similar magnitude for osteoporotic, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture. Sex significantly modified the association between previous fall and fracture risk, with predictive values being higher in men than in women (e.g., for major osteoporotic fracture, HR 1.53 (95% CI 1.27–1.84) in men vs. HR 1.32 (95% CI 1.20–1.45) in women, P for interaction = 0.013). The HRs associated with previous falls decreased with age in women and with duration of follow-up in men and women for most fracture outcomes. There was no evidence of an interaction between falls and BMD for fracture risk. Subsequent risk for a major osteoporotic fracture increased with each additional previous fall in women and men.ConclusionsA previous self-reported fall confers an increased risk of fracture that is largely independent of BMD. Previous falls should be considered as an additional risk factor in future iterations of FRAX to improve fracture risk prediction.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Acx, A. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Radio Resource Management
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Third generation mobile communication systems. - Boston, Mass : Artech House. - 1580530826 ; , s. 386-
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
