| 1. |
- Kim, Yun-Soo, et al.
(författare)
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Resistance against beet armyworms and cotton aphids in caffeine-producing transgenic chrysanthemum
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY. - : Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology. - 1342-4580 .- 1347-6114. ; 28:4, s. 393-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transgenic chrysanthemum plants were constructed to simultaneously express three N-methyltransferases involved in caffeine biosynthetic pathways. Resulting plants produced caffeine at approximately 3 mu g g(-1) fresh tissue, and were tested for herbivore repellence. When starved second-instar caterpillars of beet armyworms (Spodoptera exigu) were allowed to feed, they ate up to 4.4 mm(2) of leaf discs from the wild type plants, while less than 1.5 mm(2) of those from the transgenic plants. When third-instars of cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) were subjected to a choice-test, 27 gathered on wild type leaves, and 6 on transgenic leaves. These results indicate that caffeine-producing chrysanthemum is resistant against herbivores, lepidoptera caterpillars and aphids, both being one of the most serious pests in agriculture. We propose that the method can be practically applied to a variety of important plant species to confer resistance against biotic stresses.
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| 2. |
- Kang, Jinho, et al.
(författare)
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Application of a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics approach combined with orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis as an efficient tool for discriminating between Korean and Chinese herbal medicines
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - Washington : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 56:24, s. 11589-11595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Correct identification of the origins of herbal medical products is becoming increasingly important in tandem with the growing interest in alternative medicine. However, visual inspection of raw material is still the most widely used method, and newer scientific approaches are needed. To develop a more objective and efficient tool for discriminating herbal origins, particularly Korean and Chinese, we employed a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach combined with an orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) multivariate analysis. We first analyzed the constituent metabolites of Scutellaria baicalensis through NMR studies. Subsequent holistic data analysis with OPLS-DA yielded a statistical model that could cleanly discriminate between the sample groups even in the presence of large structured noise. An analysis of the statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY) spectrum identified citric acid and arginine as the key discriminating metabolites for Korean and Chinese samples. As a validation of the discrimination model, we performed blind prediction tests of sample origins using an external test set. Our model correctly predicted the origins of all of the 11 test samples, demonstrating its robustness. We tested the wider applicability of the developed method with three additional herbal medicines from Korea and China and obtained very high prediction accuracy. The solid discriminatory power and statistical validity of our method suggest its general applicability for determining the origins of herbal medicines.
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