| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Holland, Petter, et al.
(författare)
-
HS1BP3 negatively regulates autophagy by modulation of phosphatidic acid levels
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fundamental question is how autophagosome formation is regulated. Here we show that the PX domain protein HS1BP3 is a negative regulator of autophagosome formation. HS1BP3 depletion increased the formation of LC3-positive autophagosomes and degradation of cargo both in human cell culture and in zebrafish. HS1BP3 is localized to ATG16L1-and ATG9-positive autophagosome precursors and we show that HS1BP3 binds phosphatidic acid (PA) through its PX domain. Furthermore, we find the total PA content of cells to be significantly upregulated in the absence of HS1BP3, as a result of increased activity of the PA-producing enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) and increased localization of PLD1 to ATG16L1-positive membranes. We propose that HS1BP3 regulates autophagy by modulating the PA content of the ATG16L1-positive autophagosome precursor membranes through PLD1 activity and localization. Our findings provide key insights into how autophagosome formation is regulated by a novel negative-feedback mechanism on membrane lipids.
|
|
| 3. |
- Knævelsrud, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Membrane remodeling by the PX-BAR protein SNX18 promotes autophagosome formation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cell Biology. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0021-9525 .- 1540-8140. ; 202:2, s. 331-349
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The membrane remodeling events required for autophagosome biogenesis are still poorly understood. Because PX domain proteins mediate membrane remodeling and trafficking, we conducted an imaging-based siRNA screen for autophagosome formation targeting human PX proteins. The PX-BAR protein SNX18 was identified as a positive regulator of autophagosome formation, and its Drosophila melanogaster homologue SH3PX1 was found to be required for efficient autophagosome formation in the larval fat body. We show that SNX18 is required for recruitment of Atg16L1-positive recycling endosomes to a perinuclear area and for delivery of Atg16L1- and LC3-positive membranes to autophagosome precursors. We identify a direct interaction of SNX18 with LC3 and show that the pro-autophagic activity of SNX18 depends on its membrane binding and tubulation capacity. We also show that the function of SNX18 in membrane tubulation and autophagy is negatively regulated by phosphorylation of S233. We conclude that SNX18 promotes autophagosome formation by virtue of its ability to remodel membranes and provide membrane to forming autophagosomes.
|
|
| 4. |
- Knævelsrud, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
SNX18 tubulates recycling endosomes for autophagosome biogenesis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 9:10, s. 1639-1641
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of membrane remodeling and phosphoinositide-binding proteins in autophagy remains elusive. PX domain proteins bind phosphoinositides and participate in membrane remodeling and trafficking events and we therefore hypothesized that one or several PX domain proteins are involved in autophagy. Indeed, the PX-BAR protein SNX18 was identified as a positive regulator of autophagosome formation using an image-based siRNA screen. We show that SNX18 interacts with ATG16L1 and LC3, and functions downstream of ATG14 and the class III PtdIns3K complex in autophagosome formation. SNX18 facilitates recruitment of ATG16L1 to perinuclear recycling endosomes, and its overexpression leads to tubulation of ATG16L1- and LC3-positive membranes. We propose that SNX18 promotes LC3 lipidation and tubulation of recycling endosomes to provide membrane for phagophore expansion.
|
|
| 5. |
- Knævelsrud, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
The membrane-remodeling PX-BAR protein SNX18 is required for autophagy
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autophagy is a catabolic pathway targeting cytoplasmic material for lysosomal degradation,thereby protecting cells from accumulation of toxic components and enabling cells to survivescarce nutrient supplies. Macroautophagy is characterized by the sequestration of cytoplasmicmaterial into double-membrane vesicles, but the membrane remodeling events required forformation of autophagic vesicles are still not completely understood. However, the class IIIphosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Vps34 complex and phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate(PI3P) are of core importance to induction of autophagy. Since PX domain containingproteins are known to bind PI3P and other phosphoinositides and mediate membraneremodeling and trafficking events, we performed an imaging-based siRNA screen targetingPX domain proteins using formation of GFP-LC3 positive autophagosomes as a read-out.The PX-BAR protein SNX18 was found to strongly inhibit autophagosome formation. In linewith this, overexpression of SNX18 increased LC3 lipidation and GFP-LC3 spot formationand we demonstrate that membrane binding of SNX18 is required for efficientautophagosome formation. Moreover, SNX18 colocalizes and interacts with the autophagyassociatedproteins LC3 and TBK1. Our study identified the PX-BAR protein SNX18 to beinvolved in membrane events required for autophagosome formation.
|
|
