| 1. |
- Abbott, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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Using multi-tracer inference to move beyond single-catchment ecohydrology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-8252 .- 1872-6828. ; 160, s. 19-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protecting or restoring aquatic ecosystems in the face of growing anthropogenic pressures requires an understanding of hydrological and biogeochemical functioning across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Recent technological and methodological advances have vastly increased the number and diversity of hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological tracers available, providing potentially powerful tools to improve understanding of fundamental problems in ecohydrology, notably: 1. Identifying spatially explicit flowpaths, 2. Quantifying water residence time, and 3. Quantifying and localizing biogeochemical transformation. In this review, we synthesize the history of hydrological and biogeochemical theory, summarize modem tracer methods, and discuss how improved understanding of flowpath, residence time, and biogeochemical transformation can help ecohydrology move beyond description of site-specific heterogeneity. We focus on using multiple tracers with contrasting characteristics (crossing proxies) to infer ecosystem functioning across multiple scales. Specifically, we present how crossed proxies could test recent ecohydrological theory, combining the concepts of hotspots and hot moments with the Damkohler number in what we call the HotDam framework.
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| 2. |
- Bishop, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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A water cycle for the Anthropocene
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hydrological Processes. - : Wiley. - 0885-6087 .- 1099-1085. ; 33, s. 3046-3052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Bishop, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Human domination of the global water cycle absent from depictions and perceptions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 12, s. 533-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human water use, climate change and land conversion have created a water crisis for billions of individuals and many ecosystems worldwide. Global water stocks and fluxes are estimated empirically and with computer models, but this information is conveyed to policymakers and researchers through water cycle diagrams. Here we compiled a synthesis of the global water cycle, which we compared with 464 water cycle diagrams from around the world. Although human freshwater appropriation now equals half of global river discharge, only 15% of the water cycle diagrams depicted human interaction with water. Only 2% of the diagrams showed climate change or water pollution-two of the central causes of the global water crisis-which effectively conveys a false sense of water security. A single catchment was depicted in 95% of the diagrams, which precludes the representation of teleconnections such as ocean-land interactions and continental moisture recycling. These inaccuracies correspond with specific dimensions of water mismanagement, which suggest that flaws in water diagrams reflect and reinforce the misunderstanding of global hydrology by policymakers, researchers and the public. Correct depictions of the water cycle will not solve the global water crisis, but reconceiving this symbol is an important step towards equitable water governance, sustainable development and planetary thinking in the Anthropocene.
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| 4. |
- Kolbe, Tamara, et al.
(författare)
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Lagged rejuvenation of groundwater indicates internal flow structures and hydrological connectivity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Hydrological Processes. - : Wiley. - 0885-6087 .- 1099-1085. ; 34, s. 2176-2189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large proportions of rainwater and snowmelt infiltrate into the subsurface before contributing to stream flow and stream water quality. Subsurface flow dynamics steer the transport and transformation of contaminants, carbon, weathering products and other biogeochemistry. The distribution of groundwater ages with depth is a key feature of these flow dynamics. Predicting these ages are a strong test of hypotheses about subsurface structures and time-varying processes. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based groundwater ages revealed an unexpected groundwater age stratification in a 0.47 km(2) forested catchment called Svartberget in northern Sweden. An overall groundwater age stratification, representative for the Svartberget site, was derived by measuring CFCs from nine different wells with depths of 2-18 m close to the stream network. Immediately below the water table, CFC-based groundwater ages of already 30 years that increased with depth were found. Using complementary groundwater flow models, we could reproduce the observed groundwater age stratification and show that the 30 year lag in rejuvenation comes from return flow of groundwater at a subsurface discharge zone that evolves along the interface between two soil types. By comparing the observed groundwater age stratification with a simple analytical approximation, we show that the observed lag in rejuvenation can be a powerful indicator of the extent and structure of the subsurface discharge zone, while the vertical gradient of the age-depth-relationship can still be used as a proxy of the overall aquifer recharge even when sampled in the discharge zone. The single age stratification profile measured in the discharge zone, close to the aquifer outlet, can reveal the main structure of the groundwater flow pattern from recharge to discharge. This groundwater flow pattern provides information on the participation of groundwater in the hydrological cycle and indicates the lower boundary of hydrological connectivity.
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| 5. |
- Kolbe, Wiebke, et al.
(författare)
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Strandburgen: Eine deutsche Lust? : Zum Strandurlaub seit dem späten neunzehnten Jahrhundert
- 2020
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Ingår i: Narrating and Constructing the Beach : An Interdisciplinary Approach - An Interdisciplinary Approach. - : De Gruyter. - 1860-210X. - 9783110671377 - 9783110672299 ; 68, s. 236-254
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the 1880s until the ban of this practice in the 1970s, German vacationers built sandcastles, some of which were artfully decorated and awarded prizes in competitions by the spa administrations. Research regards this as a manifestation of a ‘typical German’ national character. The article counters this approach with an interpretation that understands sandcastles as metaphors for typical characteristics and principles of tourism, whose main feature is ambivalence. On the basis of the contrastive pairs familiarity - strangeness, proximity - distance, work - leisure, and centre - marginality, this ambivalence is carved out, and it is shown how it is applicable to the building of sandcastles since the late nineteenth century. At the same time, it is shown which meanings and functions sandcastles possessed in the respective historical contexts of the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and National Socialism.
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| 6. |
- Thomas, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Constitution of a catchment virtual observatory for sharing flow and transport models outputs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 543, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predicting hydrological catchment behavior based on measurable (and preferably widely available) catchment characteristics has been one of the main goals of hydrological modelling. Residence time distributions provide synoptic information about catchment functioning and can be useful metrics to predict their behaviors. Moreover, residence time distributions highlight a wide range of characteristic scales (spatial and temporal) and mixing processes. However, catchment-specific heterogeneity means that the link between residence time distributions and catchment characteristics is complex. Investigating this link for a wide range of catchments could reveal the role of topography, geology, land-use, climate and other factors in controlling catchment hydrology. Meaningful comparison is often challenging given the diversity of data and model structures and formats. To address this need, we are introducing a new virtual platform called Catchment virtual Observatory for Sharing flow and transport models outputs (COnSOrT). The goal of COnSOrT is to promote catchment intercomparison by sharing calibrated model outputs. Compiling commensurable results in COnSOrT will help evaluate model performance, quantify inter-catchment controls on hydrology, and identify research gaps and priorities in catchment science. Researchers interested in sharing or using calibrated model results are invited to participate in the virtual observatory. Participants may test post-processing methods on a wide range of catchment environments to evaluate the generality of their findings.
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