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- Munn-Chernoff, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes: Evidence from genome-wide association studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Addiction Biology. - : Wiley. - 1355-6215 .- 1369-1600. ; 26:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [r(g)], twin-based = 0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge eating, AN without binge eating, and a bulimia nervosa factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Total study sample sizes per phenotype ranged from similar to 2400 to similar to 537 000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (r(g) = 0.18; false discovery rate q = 0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (r(g) = 0.23; q < 0.0001), and cannabis initiation and AN with binge eating (r(g) = 0.27; q = 0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three nondiagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge eating (r(gs) = -0.19 to -0.23; qs < 0.04). The genetic correlation between AUD and AN was no longer significant after co-varying for major depressive disorder loci. The patterns of association between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes highlights the potentially complex and substance-specific relationships among these behaviors.
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| 2. |
- Gürdal, G., et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of g(41+,22+) in 70,72,74 ,76Ge: Systematics of low-lying structures in 30≤Z≤40 and 30≤N≤50 nuclei
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 88:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The interplay between single-particle and collective excitations in the 30 ≤Z≤ 40 and 30 ≤N≤ 50 even-even isotopes has been examined in light of recent new measurements of magnetic moments of 41+, 22+, and 21+ states. Purpose: The g factors of the 41+ and 22+ states in the 72,74,76Ge isotopes have been measured for the first time and the g(21+) values have been remeasured. Methods: The transient field (TF) technique in inverse kinematics with a variety of targets has been applied, following Coulomb excitation of the relevant states. The data have been analyzed within the framework of the IBA-II model. Large-scale shell-model calculations have been performed within the p3/2,p1/2,f 5/2,g9/2 orbital space for both protons and neutrons with the JUN45 and JJ4B interactions. Results: The measured Ge g factors were compared to the g factors of the low-lying states of the neighboring Zn, Ge, Se, Kr, and Sr isotopes. The results were evaluated in the context of the systematics of g factors in the A∼80 region. Conclusions: The predictions based on the classic collective model and the interacting boson model IBA-II agree with the experimental results. No evidence for shell closure was found for neutrons at N=38 or N=40. © 2013 American Physical Society.
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| 3. |
- Koller, Timm O, et al.
(författare)
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Structural basis for HflXr-mediated antibiotic resistance in Listeria monocytogenes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1362-4962 .- 0305-1048. ; 50:19, s. 11285-11300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HflX is a ubiquitous bacterial GTPase that splits and recycles stressed ribosomes. In addition to HflX, Listeria monocytogenes contains a second HflX homolog, HflXr. Unlike HflX, HflXr confers resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics by an experimentally unexplored mechanism. Here, we have determined cryo-EM structures of L. monocytogenes HflXr-50S and HflX-50S complexes as well as L. monocytogenes 70S ribosomes in the presence and absence of the lincosamide lincomycin. While the overall geometry of HflXr on the 50S subunit is similar to that of HflX, a loop within the N-terminal domain of HflXr, which is two amino acids longer than in HflX, reaches deeper into the peptidyltransferase center. Moreover, unlike HflX, the binding of HflXr induces conformational changes within adjacent rRNA nucleotides that would be incompatible with drug binding. These findings suggest that HflXr confers resistance using an allosteric ribosome protection mechanism, rather than by simply splitting and recycling antibiotic-stalled ribosomes.
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| 4. |
- Wojek, Bastian M., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetism, superconductivity, and coupling in cuprate heterostructures probed by low-energy muon-spin rotation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 85:2, s. 024505-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a low-energy muon-spin-rotation study of the magnetic and superconducting properties of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta)/PrBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) trilayer and bilayer heterostructures. By determining the magnetic-field profiles throughout these structures, we show that a finite superfluid density can be induced in otherwise semiconducting PrBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) layers when juxtaposed to YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) "electrodes," while the intrinsic antiferromagnetic order is unaffected.
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