| 1. |
- Plompen, A. J. M., et al.
(författare)
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The joint evaluated fission and fusion nuclear data library, JEFF-3.3
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 56:7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The joint evaluated fission and fusion nuclear data library 3.3 is described. New evaluations for neutron-induced interactions with the major actinides 235U, 238U and 239Pu, on 241Am and 23Na, 59Ni, Cr, Cu, Zr, Cd, Hf, W, Au, Pb and Bi are presented. It includes new fission yields, prompt fission neutron spectra and average number of neutrons per fission. In addition, new data for radioactive decay, thermal neutron scattering, gamma-ray emission, neutron activation, delayed neutrons and displacement damage are presented. JEFF-3.3 was complemented by files from the TENDL project. The libraries for photon, proton, deuteron, triton, helion and alpha-particle induced reactions are from TENDL-2017. The demands for uncertainty quantification in modeling led to many new covariance data for the evaluations. A comparison between results from model calculations using the JEFF-3.3 library and those from benchmark experiments for criticality, delayed neutron yields, shielding and decay heat, reveals that JEFF-3.3 performes very well for a wide range of nuclear technology applications, in particular nuclear energy.
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| 2. |
- Chalupsky, J., et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of focused soft X-ray free-electron laser beam determined by ablation of organic molecular solids
- 2007
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 15:10, s. 6036-6043
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A linear accelerator based source of coherent radiation, FLASH (Free-electron LASer in Hamburg) provides ultra-intense femtosecond radiation pulses at wavelengths from the extreme ultraviolet (XUV; lambda< 100nm) to the soft X-ray (SXR; lambda<30nm) spectral regions. 25-fs pulses of 32-nm FLASH radiation were used to determine the ablation parameters of PMMA - poly ( methyl methacrylate). Under these irradiation conditions the attenuation length and ablation threshold were found to be (56.9 +/- 7.5) nm and similar to 2 mJ center dot cm(-2), respectively. For a second wavelength of 21.7 nm, the PMMA ablation was utilized to image the transverse intensity distribution within the focused beam at mu m resolution by a method developed here.
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| 3. |
- Hau-Riege, S. P., et al.
(författare)
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Damage threshold of inorganic solids under free-electron-laser irradiation at 32.5 nm wavelength
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 90:17, s. 173128-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Samples of B4C, amorphous C, chemical-vapor-deposition-diamond C, Si, and SiC were exposed to single 25 fs long pulses of 32.5 nm free-electron-laser radiation at fluences of up to 2.2 J/cm(2). The samples were chosen as candidate materials for x-ray free-electron-laser optics. It was found that the threshold for surface damage is on the order of the fluence required for thermal melting. For larger fluences, the crater depths correspond to temperatures on the order of the critical temperature, suggesting that the craters are formed by two-phase vaporization.
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| 4. |
- Hau-Riege, S. P., et al.
(författare)
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Wavelength dependence of the damage threshold of inorganic materials under extreme-ultraviolet free-electron-laser irradiation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 95:11, s. 111104-111104-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We exposed bulk SiC and films of SiC and B4C to single 25 fs long free-electron-laser pulses with wavelengths between 13.5 and 32 nm. The materials are candidates for x-ray free-electron laser optics. We found that the threshold for surface-damage of the bulk SiC samples exceeds the fluence required for thermal melting at all wavelengths. The damage threshold of the film sample shows a strong wavelength dependence. For wavelengths of 13.5 and 21.7 nm, the damage threshold is equal to or exceeds the melting threshold, whereas at 32 nm the damage threshold falls below the melting threshold.
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| 5. |
- Torrisi, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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High intensity laser-generating plasmas in forward direction in thin films and Thomson parabola spectrometer monitorage
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Asterix laser at PALS Laboratory of Prague, operating at 1315 nm fundamental wavelength, 300 ps pulse duration, 1016 W/cm2 intensity and single pulse mode, was employed to irradiate thin hydrogenated targets placed in high vacuum. Non-equilibrium plasmas were obtained in forward direction, i.e. along the normal to the target surface on the rear of the irradiated thin films. Plasmas were monitored with different ion detectors, placed around the direction normal to the target. The main detector was a Thomson parabola spectrometer aligned along the normal in forward direction. This spectrometer permits to provide many plasma parameters concerning the involved ions (energy, charge state, mass,...) obtained in a single laser shot. The spectrometer images, obtained by using a MCP coupled to a fast CCD camera, can be processed by a comparison with the simulation data obtained by a proper software. High ion energies and charge states have been obtained as a function of the laser parameters, target thickness and composition and irradiation conditions.
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| 6. |
- Torrisi, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Proton driven acceleration by intense laser pulses irradiating thin hydrogenated targets
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 272, s. 2-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Asterix iodine laser of the PALS laboratory in Prague, operating at 1315 nm fundamental frequency, 300 ps pulse duration, 600 J maximum pulse energy and 1016 W/cm2 intensity, is employed to irradiatethin hydrogenated targets placed in high vacuum. Different metallic and polymeric targets allow togenerate multi-energetic and multi-specie ion beams showing peculiar properties. The plasma obtainedby the laser irradiation is monitored, in terms of properties of the emitted charge particles, by using time-of-flight techniques and Thomson parabola spectrometer (TPS). A particular attention is given tothe proton beam production in terms of the maximum energy, emission yield and angular distributionas a function of the laser energy, focal position (FP), target thickness and composition.
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| 7. |
- Hauptman, P. J., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical course of patients with hyponatremia and decompensated systolic heart failure and the effect of vasopressin receptor antagonism with tolvaptan
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiac Failure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1071-9164 .- 1532-8414. ; 19:6, s. 390-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with decompensated heart failure, volume overload, and hyponatremia are challenging to manage. Relatively little has been documented regarding the clinical course of these patients during standard in-hospital management or with vasopressin antagonism. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study With Tolvaptan database was examined to assess the short-term clinical course of patients hospitalized with heart failure and hyponatremia and the effect of tolvaptan on outcomes. In the placebo group, patients with hyponatremia (serum Na(+) <135mEq/L; n = 232), compared with those with normonatremia at baseline (n = 1785), had less relief of dyspnea despite receiving higher doses of diuretics (59.2% vs 69.2% improved; P < .01) and worse long-term outcomes. In the hyponatremia subgroup from the entire trial cohort (n = 475), tolvaptan was associated with greater likelihood of normalization of serum sodium than placebo (58% vs 20% and 64% vs 29% for day 1 and discharge, respectively; P < .001 for both comparisons), greater weight reduction at day 1 and discharge (0.7 kg and 0.8 kg differences, respectively; P < .001 and P = .008), and greater relief of dyspnea (P = .03). Among all hyponatremic patients, there was no effect of tolvaptan on long-term outcomes compared with placebo. In patients with pronounced hyponatremia (<130 mEq/L; n = 92), tolvaptan was associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after discharge (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with decompensated heart failure and hyponatremia, standard therapy is associated with less weight loss and dyspnea relief, and unfavorable longer-term outcomes compared to those with normonatremia. Tolvaptan is associated with more favorable in-hospital effects and, possibly, long-term outcomes in patients with severe hyponatremia.
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| 8. |
- Pang, P. S., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of tolvaptan on dyspnoea relief from the EVEREST trials
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 30:18, s. 2233-2240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To describe the effects of tolvaptan therapy on dyspnoea relief based on timing of delivery, influence of concomitant therapies, and baseline patient and clinical characteristics. Also, the influence of clinical trial design on dyspnoea measurement, from the Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study with Tolvaptan (EVEREST) trials. Methods and results Post hoc analysis was performed based on the endpoint of patient-assessed dyspnoea. Changes from baseline at inpatient Day 1 were compared between treatment groups by the van Elteren test. Pre-determined subgroup analyses were also performed. Tolvaptan's effects are greatest within 12 h after first dose with an additional, but modest dyspnoea improvement benefit irrespective of time after admission. Overall, patients continue to report dyspnoea improvement up to 60 h after admission. The window of enrolment, up to 48 h after admission, combined with measurement on 'Day 1' led to a wide range over when dyspnoea was assessed. Conclusion Post hoc analysis suggests that tolvaptan modestly improves dyspnoea compared with standard therapy alone, regardless if given early or relatively late after hospitalization, and also across major pre-specified subgroups, despite ongoing background therapy aimed at relieving signs and symptoms. Significant variability around when dyspnoea was assessed, in addition to the persistence of dyspnoea despite ongoing background therapy, may influence how future clinical trials assess dyspnoea in acute heart failure syndromes.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Torrisi, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Single crystal silicon carbide detector of emitted ions and soft x rays from power laser-generated plasmas
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 105, s. 123304-1-123304-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single-crystal silicon carbide SiC detector was used for measurements of soft x rays, electrons, and ion emission from laser-generated plasma obtained with the use of the Prague Asterix Laser System PALS at intensities of the order of 1016 W/cm2 and pulse duration of 300 ps. Measurements were performed by varying the laser intensity and the nature of the irradiated target. The spectra obtained by using the SiC detector show not only the photopeak due to UV and softx-ray detection, but also various peaks due to the detection of energetic charged particles. Time-of-flight technique was employed to determine the ion kinetic energy of particles emitted from the plasma and to perform a comparison between SiC and traditional ion collectors. The detector was also employed by inserting absorber films of different thickness in front of the SiC surface inorder to determine, as a first approximation, the mean energy of the soft x-ray emission from the plasma.
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