| 1. |
- Berndt, Sonja I., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
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| 4. |
- Kollhoff, A., et al.
(författare)
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The first widespread solar energetic particle event observed by Solar Orbiter on 2020 November 29
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. On 2020 November 29, the first widespread solar energetic particle (SEP) event of solar cycle 25 was observed at four widely separated locations in the inner (≲1 AU) heliosphere. Relativistic electrons as well as protons with energies > 50 MeV were observed by Solar Orbiter (SolO), Parker Solar Probe, the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)-A and multiple near-Earth spacecraft. The SEP event was associated with an M4.4 class X-ray flare and accompanied by a coronal mass ejection and an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave as well as a type II radio burst and multiple type III radio bursts.Aims. We present multi-spacecraft particle observations and place them in context with source observations from remote sensing instruments and discuss how such observations may further our understanding of particle acceleration and transport in this widespread event.Methods. Velocity dispersion analysis (VDA) and time shift analysis (TSA) were used to infer the particle release times at the Sun. Solar wind plasma and magnetic field measurements were examined to identify structures that influence the properties of the energetic particles such as their intensity. Pitch angle distributions and first-order anisotropies were analyzed in order to characterize the particle propagation in the interplanetary medium.Results. We find that during the 2020 November 29 SEP event, particles spread over more than 230° in longitude close to 1 AU. The particle onset delays observed at the different spacecraft are larger as the flare–footpoint angle increases and are consistent with those from previous STEREO observations. Comparing the timing when the EUV wave intersects the estimated magnetic footpoints of each spacecraft with particle release times from TSA and VDA, we conclude that a simple scenario where the particle release is only determined by the EUV wave propagation is unlikely for this event. Observations of anisotropic particle distributions at SolO, Wind, and STEREO-A do not rule out that particles are injected over a wide longitudinal range close to the Sun. However, the low values of the first-order anisotropy observed by near-Earth spacecraft suggest that diffusive propagation processes are likely involved.
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| 5. |
- Sargeson, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Names and symbols for the transfermium elements
- 1997
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Ingår i: Pure and Applied Chemistry. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0033-4545 .- 1365-3075. ; 69:12, s. 2471-2473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recommendations (ref. 1) of the Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (CNIC) on the nomenclature of the transfermium elements (101-109, inclusive) were considered by the IUPAC Bureau at Guildford (UK) in September 1995. As a result of the various criticisms of the recommendations and theway that they had been processed, the Bureau decided to adopt the recommendations as provisional and to circulate them to national/regional nomenclature centres in the normal way, with notices to be published innational/regional chemistry journals and magazines, requesting submission of comments to CNIC. In particular, the National Adhering Organizations (NAOs) were invited to express their views concerning the extant proposals for the names of these elements and the principles and traditions used to derive them. The response from the general chemical community was small, and the bulk of the replies came from nuclear scientists.
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| 6. |
- Sargeson, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Names and symbols of transfermium elements (IUPAC recommendations 1994)
- 1994
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Ingår i: Pure and Applied Chemistry. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0033-4545 .- 1365-3075. ; 66:12, s. 2419-2421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Transfermium Working Group (TWG) was set up in 1986 under the joint auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). Its conclusions, duly endorsed by IUPAC and IUPAP, were published in the following three reports:1. Criteria that must be satisfied for the discovery of a new chemical element to be recognized, Pure & Appl. Chem., 63, 879-886 (1991).2. Discovery of the transfermium elements: Introduction to the discovery profiles, Pure & Appl. Chem., 65, 1757-1763 (1993).3, Discovery of the transfermium elements: Discovery profiles of the transfermium elements, Pure & Appl. Chem., 65, 1764-1814 (1993).IUPAC went a stage further by inviting responses on reports 2 and 3 from the three major groups concerned, i.e., Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, California; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; and Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung , Darmstadt. These responses together with the TWG's reply to the responses were published unedited in Pure & Appl. Chem.,Vol. 65, (1993), pp. 1815-1824.
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| 7. |
- Pulkkinen, T. I., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetospheric modes and solar wind energy coupling efficiency
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 115:3, s. A03207-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using observations and two different global MHD simulations, we demonstrate that the solar wind speed controls the magnetospheric response such that the higher the speed, the more dynamic and irregular is the magnetospheric response. For similar level of driving solar wind electric field, the magnetospheric modes can be organized in terms of speed: Low speed produces steady convection events, intermediate speeds result in periodic sawtooth oscillations, and high speeds drive large geomagnetic storms. We show that the control parameter of energy transfer and coupling is the electric field along the large-scale X line. We demonstrate using global MHD simulations that for slowly varying interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the reconnection line is tilted approximately by an angle theta/2, where theta is the IMF clock angle. Then, for clock angles away from northward, the magnetospheric energy entry and response scale with the electric field along the reconnection line (E-PAR), rather than the traditionally used E-Y. If we define the energy coupling efficiency as response/E-PAR, we can show it to be independent of the IMF clock angle and only weakly dependent on the solar wind dynamic pressure. These results demonstrate the ability of the localized reconnection line to control the energy input through the entire magnetopause.
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| 9. |
- Vockenhuber, C., et al.
(författare)
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Energy loss and straggling of MeV Si ions in gases
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 391, s. 20-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of energy loss and straggling of Si ions in gases. An energy range from 0.5 to 12 MeV/u was covered using the 6 MV EN tandem accelerator at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and the K130 cyclotron accelerator facility at the University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. Our energy-loss data compare well with calculation based on the SRIM and PASS code. The new straggling measurements support a pronounced peak in He gas at around 4 MeV/u predicted by recent theoretical calculations. The straggling curve structure in the other gases (N-2, Ne, Ar, Kr) is relatively flat in the covered energy range. Although there is a general agreement between the straggling data and the theoretical calculations, the experimental uncertainties are too large to confirm or exclude the predicted weak multi-peak structure in the energy-loss straggling. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Hietala, H., et al.
(författare)
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Supermagnetosonic subsolar magnetosheath jets and their effects : from the solar wind to the ionospheric convection
- 2012
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 30:1, s. 33-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has recently been proposed that ripples inherent to the bow shock during radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) may produce local high speed flows in the magnetosheath. These jets can have a dynamic pressure much larger than the dynamic pressure of the solar wind. On 17 March 2007, several jets of this type were observed by the Cluster spacecraft. We study in detail these jets and their effects on the magnetopause, the magnetosphere, and the ionospheric convection. We find that (1) the jets could have a scale size of up to a few RE but less than similar to 6 R-E transverse to the XGSE axis; (2) the jets caused significant local magnetopause perturbations due to their high dynamic pressure; (3) during the period when the jets were observed, irregular pulsations at the geostationary orbit and localised flow enhancements in the ionosphere were detected. We suggest that these inner magnetospheric phenomena were caused by the magnetosheath jets.
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