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1.
  • Asherson, PJ, et al. (författare)
  • Randomised controlled trial of the short-term effects of osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate on symptoms and behavioural outcomes in young male prisoners with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: CIAO-II study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1472-1465. ; 222:1, s. 7-17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Research has shown that 20–30% of prisoners meet the diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methylphenidate reduces ADHD symptoms, but effects in prisoners are uncertain because of comorbid mental health and substance use disorders.AimsTo estimate the efficacy of an osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-methylphenidate) in reducing ADHD symptoms in young adult prisoners with ADHD.MethodWe conducted an 8-week parallel-arm, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial of OROS-methylphenidate versus placebo in male prisoners (aged 16–25 years) meeting the DSM-5 criteria for ADHD. Primary outcome was ADHD symptoms at 8 weeks, using the investigator-rated Connors Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS-O). Thirteen secondary outcomes were measured, including emotional dysregulation, mind wandering, violent attitudes, mental health symptoms, and prison officer and educational staff ratings of behaviour and aggression.ResultsIn the OROS-methylphenidate arm, mean CAARS-O score at 8 weeks was estimated to be reduced by 0.57 points relative to the placebo arm (95% CI −2.41 to 3.56), and non-significant. The responder rate, defined as a 20% reduction in CAARS-O score, was 48.3% for the OROS-methylphenidate arm and 47.9% for the placebo arm. No statistically significant trial arm differences were detected for any of the secondary outcomes. Mean final titrated dose was 53.8 mg in the OROS-methylphenidate arm.ConclusionsADHD symptoms did not respond to OROS-methylphenidate in young adult prisoners. The findings do not support routine treatment with OROS-methylphenidate in this population. Further research is needed to evaluate effects of higher average dosing and adherence to treatment, multi-modal treatments and preventative interventions in the community.
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  • Ling, ZC, et al. (författare)
  • Glucose metabolism in Goto-Kakizaki rat islets
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 139:6, s. 2670-2675
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Islets from Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats from our colony, despite marked impairment of glucose-induced insulin release, used glucose and produced CO2 at a rate 3 times that of islets from control Wistar rats. Almost all glucose used was accounted for in CO2 and lactate production. The percentages of glucose carbon used collected in CO2 and lactate were similar for control and GK islets. GK islets also oxidized 40% more acetate and leucine to CO2 than did control islets. The fraction of carbon leaving the Krebs cycle relative to CO2 production was the same in GK and control islets. The capacities of mitochondria from GK islets to generate ATP from glutamate and malate were similar and that to generate ATP from succinate and rotenone was somewhat less from GK islets. The reason for the enhanced utilization of substrates by islets of the GK rat is not apparent. In conclusion, there is no decrease in islet glucose utilization, glucose oxidation, Krebs cycle function, or the electron transport system evident from these measurements to explain the impaired insulin release in islets from GK rats.
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4.
  • Villemagne, VL, et al. (författare)
  • Molecular Imaging Approaches in Dementia
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Radiology. - : Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). - 1527-1315 .- 0033-8419. ; 298:3, s. 517-530
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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