| 1. |
- ODonnell, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Registered Replication Report: Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 13:2, s. 268-294
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998) reported that participants primed with a category associated with intelligence (professor) subsequently performed 13% better on a trivia test than participants primed with a category associated with a lack of intelligence (soccer hooligans). In two unpublished replications of this study designed to verify the appropriate testing procedures, Dijksterhuis, van Knippenberg, and Holland observed a smaller difference between conditions (2%-3%) as well as a gender difference: Men showed the effect (9.3% and 7.6%), but women did not (0.3% and -0.3%). The procedure used in those replications served as the basis for this multilab Registered Replication Report. A total of 40 laboratories collected data for this project, and 23 of these laboratories met all inclusion criteria. Here we report the meta-analytic results for those 23 direct replications (total N = 4,493), which tested whether performance on a 30-item general-knowledge trivia task differed between these two priming conditions (results of supplementary analyses of the data from all 40 labs, N = 6,454, are also reported). We observed no overall difference in trivia performance between participants primed with the professor category and those primed with the hooligan category (0.14%) and no moderation by gender.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bally, Marta, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Norovirus GII.4 Virus-like Particles Recognize Galactosylceramides in Domains of Planar Supported Lipid Bilayers.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 51:48, s. 12020-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sticky situation: Domain-dependent recognition of the glycosphingolipid galactosylceramide by norovirus-like particles (see picture; red/yellow) is shown using supported lipid bilayers (purple) as model membranes. Optimal ligand presentation is found to promote strong binding to GalCer. This presentation can be found at the edges of the glycosphingolipid-enriched domains (green) and binding is repressed in the absence of these domains.
|
|
| 3. |
- Carlsson, Beatrice, et al.
(författare)
-
The G428A nonsense mutation in FUT2 provides strong but not absolute protection against symptomatic GII.4 Norovirus infection. : Novel GII.4 disease pattern
- 2009
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In November 2004, 116 individuals in an elderly nursing home in El Grao de Castellón, Spain were symptomatically infected with genogroup II.4 (GII.4) norovirus. The global attack rate was 54.2%. Genotyping of 34 symptomatic individuals regarding the FUT2 gene revealed that one patient was, surprisingly, a non-secretor, hence indicating secretor-independent infection. Lewis genotyping revealed that Lewis-positive and negative individuals were susceptible to symptomatic norovirus infection indicating that Lewis status did not predict susceptibility. Saliva based ELISA assays were used to determine binding of the outbreak virus to saliva samples. Saliva from a secretor-negative individual bound the authentic outbreak GII.4 Valencia/2004/Es virus, but did not in contrast to secretor-positive saliva bind VLP of other strains including the GII.4 Dijon strain. Amino acid comparison of antigenic A and B sites located on the external loops of the P2 domain revealed distinct differences between the Valencia/2004/Es and Dijon strains. All three aa in each antigenic site as well as 10/11 recently identified evolutionary hot spots, were unique in the Valencia/2004/Es strain compared to the Dijon strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of symptomatic GII.4 norovirus infection of a Le(a+b-) individual homozygous for the G428A nonsense mutation in FUT2. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the host genetic susceptibility to norovirus infections and evolution of the globally dominating GII.4 viruses.
|
|
| 4. |
- Modin Larsson, Malin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Antibody prevalence and titer to norovirus (genogroup II) correlate with secretor (FUT2) but not with ABO phenotype or Lewis (FUT3) genotype
- 2006
-
Ingår i: J Infect Dis. - : Oxford University Press. ; 194:10, s. 1422-1427
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Histo-blood group antigens and secretor status have been associated with susceptibility to Norovirus infections, which suggests that antibody prevalence and titer might correlate with these phenotypes. METHODS: Plasma samples (n = 105) from Swedish blood donors that had been genotyped for secretor (FUT2) and Lewis (Le; FUT3) genotypes and phenotyped for ABO and Le blood groups were analyzed for immunoglobulin G antibody prevalence and titers to norovirus genogroup (GG) II.4. RESULTS: The results showed that nonsecretors (se4128se428) and Lea+b- individuals not only had significantly lower antibody titers than did secretors (P < .0001) and Lea-b+ individuals (P < .0002) but were also significantly more often antibody negative (P < .05). Antibody titers in secretors were not significantly different between individuals of different Le (FUT3) genotypes or different ABO phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Nonsecretors and Lea+b- individuals are significantly less prone to be infected with GGII noroviruses. This new information extends previous knowledge and supports the hypothesis that nonsecretors are relatively but not absolutely resistant to norovirus infections.
|
|
| 5. |
- Rydell, Gustaf E, et al.
(författare)
-
Human GII.4 norovirus VLP induces membrane invaginations on giant unilamellar vesicles containing secretor gene dependent alpha 1,2-fucosylated glycosphingolipids
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Biomembranes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2736 .- 1879-2642. ; 1828:8, s. 1840-1845
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norovirus is a non-enveloped virus causing acute gastroenteritis. For human norovirus, no simple cell culture system is available and consequently knowledge on cellular entry of the virus is limited. The virus binds to ABH histo-blood group glycans on glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. Non-secretors, characterized by the lack of ABH histo-blood group glycans in the gastrointestinal tract, are resistant to most norovirus infections, suggesting that these glycans may be part of the viral receptor. Recent studies have shown that polyomavirus enters the cell via membrane invaginations induced by the multivalent binding of the virus to receptor glycosphingolipids. In this study, we have investigated whether norovirus has the ability to induce membrane invaginations on giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) containing purified glycosphingolipids. First, we characterized the glycosphingolipid binding pattern of VLPs from the Dijon strain (genogroup II.4), using thin-layer chromatography. The VLP recognized the ABH active glycosphingolipids H type 1, Lewis b, B type 1, A type 1 and A Lewis b, but not lactotetraosylceramide or Lewis a, typically found in non-secretors. The binding pattern to glycosphingolipids incorporated into GUVs was in full agreement with the thin-layer chromatography experiments. Upon binding to the vesicles, the VLPs formed highly mobile clusters on the surface of the GUVs. VLP containing tubular invaginations were seen on the GUVs containing glycosphingolipids recognized by the VLP. In conclusion, this study suggests that human norovirus has the ability to induce membrane curvature by binding to and clustering glycosphingolipids, which may reflect the first step in cellular entry of the virus. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Rydell, Gustaf E, et al.
(författare)
-
Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 19:3, s. 309-320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P < 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha 1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha 2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x.
|
|
| 8. |
- Rydell, Gustaf E, et al.
(författare)
-
Susceptibility to winter vomiting disease: a sweet matter.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Reviews in medical virology. - : Wiley. - 1099-1654 .- 1052-9276. ; 21:6, s. 370-82
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norovirus, the cause of winter vomiting disease, has emerged in recent years to be a major cause of sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. The virus has been estimated to cause >200,000 deaths each year in developing countries. Although the virus is highly contagious, volunteer and field studies have shown that a subset of individuals appears resistant to infections. A single nucleotide mutation (G428A) in the fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2) on chromosome 19 provides strong protection from infection in 20% of the white population. Histo-blood group ABO(H) antigens with terminal fucose are believed to function as receptors for human norovirus in the gastrointestinal tract, but also negatively charged potential receptors have been identified. Norovirus infection is a unique example where a single nucleotide mutation in a fucosyltransferase gene plays a crucial role in susceptibility to one of the most common viral diseases. This review discusses the role of host genetics and carbohydrate structures in susceptibility to winter vomiting disease.
|
|
