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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Larsson Christel Associate professor) ;mspu:(doctoralthesis)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Larsson Christel Associate professor) > Doktorsavhandling

  • Resultat 1-4 av 4
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1.
  • Ghiasi, Peyman (författare)
  • Studies on maxillary overdentures : implant- and prosthesis survival, cost analysis and patient-reported outcomes
  • 2022
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Edentulism is a debilitating condition which may negatively affect quality of life, particularly in relation to nutritional and social health, speech, and poor facial appearance. Prosthetic options available range from conventional complete dentures to implant-supported overdentures (ISODs) and implant-supported full arch fixed partial dentures (ISFAFDPs). The choice of treatment is connected to the patient's general health, oral status, preferences and financial means. From the point of view of the treatment provider, there is a lack of evidence to support choice of treatment, as information from randomised clinical trials is sparse. This is particularly true when it comes to cost analysis and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). There is consensus today that an implant-supported overdenture is a valid treatment option for the edentulous mandible, but the same recommendation cannot be made for maxillary overdentures due to a lack of evidence.The present study investigates implant-supported maxillary overdentures regarding implant and prosthesis survival, costs and PROMs in comparison to fixed implant-supported prostheses.The thesis comprises four studies.Study I analysed implant and prosthesis failure rates with implant-supported maxillary overdentures in a systematic review. The cumulative survival rate (CSR) for the implants and the prostheses was 70.4% and 79.8%, respectively. The main finding was that patients with few implants presented higher prosthesis failure rates than patients with more implants per prosthesis.Of the most commonly used attachment systems, the ball/O-ring and the Ceka were the ones with the highest rates of patients with at least one implant failure. Most of the failures happened within the first year after installation for both implants (52.1%) and prostheses (41.8%).Study II, a retrospective analysis, compared the clinical outcomes of implantsupported overdentures (ISODs) with either bar-clip or ball attachments. The results showed that all ISOD failures resulted from loss of implants. The bar-clip system resulted in more complications than the ball attachment system, suggesting that ISODs with the bar-clip system may necessitate a greater number of appointments and chair time for adjustments, thus increasing the maintenance costs for the patient.Studies III and IV were based on a prospective clinical trial comparing different implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitations for the edentulous maxilla: implantsupported full-arch fixed partial dentures on 4 or 6 implants (ISFAFDP 4 orISFAFDP 6) versus maxillary overdentures on 2 implants.Study III is a comparative cost analysis, the results of which showed that all implants and restorations were in function at follow-up after the first year, i.e., the survival rate was 100%. Initial costs, i.e., cost of prostheses at delivery, were higher for ISFAFDP 6 and ISFAFDP 4 due to the higher number of implants and higher cost of materials and fees. There were no statistically significant differences in post-treatment costs between the groups.In study IV, patient-reported outcomes regarding aesthetics and function were compared. The results showed that all patients, irrespective of group, showed improved patient-reported outcomes from before treatment to the one-year follow-up. There were no significant differences between groups regarding functional status of the masticatory system (Jaw Functional Limitation Scale -JFLS parameters) or how patients perceive their dental and Orofacial Aesthetic Scale (OAS), and only minor differences between the two groups with fixed restorations regarding patients’ perception of the social impact of oral disorders on their well-being (Oral Health Impact Profile - OHIP).
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2.
  • Dapi N., Léonie, 1971- (författare)
  • Socioeconomic and sex differences in adolescents’ dietary intake, anthropometry and physical activity in Cameroon, Africa
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: People in Cameroon are experiencing a dietary transition characterized by changing from traditional food habits to increased intake of highly processed sweet and fatty food. The rapid change in food pattern combined with an increased sedentary lifestyle has resulted in a rather high prevalence of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Nutritional intake is important during adolescence for growth spurt, health, cognitive development and performance in school. Objective: The aim of this thesis was to assess dietary intake, anthropometry and physical activity of adolescents according to sex and socioeconomic status (SES) and to investigate food perceptions of adolescents living in urban and rural areas of Cameroon. Methods: Girls and boys, 12-16 years of age, were randomly selected from schools in urban and rural areas. Food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour dietary and physical activity recalls, anthropometric measurements, qualitative interviews and a background questionnaire were used for data collection. Results: The proportion of overweight was three times higher in girls (14%) compared to boys (4%). Stunting and underweight were more common among boys (15% and 6%) than girls (5% and 1%). The prevalence of stunting was two times higher among the urban adolescents with low SES (12%) compared to those with high SES (5%). The rural adolescents had the highest proportion of stunting but more muscle that the urban adolescents. The rural adolescents ate in order to live and to maintain health. Urban adolescents with low SES ate in order to maintain health, while those with high SES ate for pleasure. More than 30% of the adolescents skipped breakfast in the urban area. Urban adolescents with high SES and girls reported a more frequent consumption of in-between meals and most food groups compared to the rural adolescents, boys and those with low SES. Over 55% of the adolescents had a protein intake below 10% of the energy (E%). Twenty-six percent of the adolescents had fat intake below 25 E%, and 25% had fat intake above 35 E%. A large proportion of the adolescents had an intake of micronutrients below the estimated average recommendation. Boys and the adolescents with low SES reported a higher energy expenditure and physical activity level than girls and the adolescents with high SES, respectively. Both under- and over-reporting of energy intake were common among the adolescents. Conclusions: The present study showed that nutrient inadequacy, stunting, underweight, as well as overweight and obesity were common among the adolescents in Cameroon. Therefore an intervention program targeting both under- and overnutrition among school adolescents is needed. Sex and socioeconomic differences also need to be considered.
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3.
  • Hawthan, Mohammed (författare)
  • On failures and complications of tooth-supported fixed prostheses
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Loss of tooth structure or loss of the tooth may affect masticatory function, phonetics, a person´s appearance, and might ultimately impair quality of life. Fixed prosthetic rehabilitation in the form of either fixed dental prosthesis (FDP)or single crown (SC) is a reliable treatment alternative to restore lost functions. Tooth-supported fixed prosthetic restorations (FDPs, SCs) are influenced by multiple combined general and local factors that may affect the risk of complication and failure. Recognizing risk factors is important in treatment planning, and will help the clinician optimize treatment outcomes. This will also be beneficial for both the patient and society from a cost-effective aspect, as a reduction in complications and failures reduces costs. Several factors have been suggested to impact the survival and failure rates of FDPs and SCs, but there is still limited evidence concerning the clinical outcomes of FDPs and SCs when subjected to a combination of multiple factors in a clinical setting. The aim of the present thesis was to evaluate whether the survival and failure rates of full-coverage tooth-supported fixed prosthetic restorations (FDPs, SC) are influenced by general and/or local factors. This thesis is based on a systematic review (Paper I) and three retrospective studies (Papers II, III, and IV). In Study I, PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases were searched and manual searches were conducted to identify clinical human studies reporting on full-coverage tooth-supported FDPs and SCs. Cumulative survival rate (CSR) was calculated over the maximal period of follow-up reported, in a life-table survival analysis. Seventeen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The highest 5-year survival rate was observed for all-ceramic and metal–ceramic SCs on vital teeth 97.8% (95%CI [97.1– 98.5%]), and all-ceramic SCs on non-vital teeth with fiber post 99.1% (95% CI [97.7– 100.4%]). Metal–ceramic SCs on vital teeth 97.5% (95% CI[96.8–98.3%]) showed a statistically significant higher estimated 5-year survival rate compared to metal–ceramic SCs with cast metal post 94.5% (95% CI [93.3–95.8%], p <0.001) and fiber post 95.1% (95% CI [93.4–96.6%], p <0.007), respectively. For FDPs, the 5-year survival rate was higher for metal–ceramic FDPs on vital abutments 96.9% (95% CI [95.5–98.4%]), compared to FDPs retained by non-vital abutment(s) with cast metal posts 94.3% (95% CI [89.3–99.3%]). The difference was not statistically significant. Tooth vitality is suggested to contribute positively to the survival of SCs. The results are, however, limited by the small number of studies and the presence of uncontrolled cofounding clinical variables. In the retrospective studies II, III, and IV, dental records archives and the digital journals of all patients at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden were reviewed to identify patients rehabilitated with full-coverage toothsupported FDPs and SCs. Cox regression was used to evaluate the associations between clinical covariates and prosthesis failure. The CSR was similar for FDPs and SCs after 5 years of function. CSR was higher for SCs compared to FDPs after 10, 15, and 20 years of function. Smoking, type of prosthesis material, and bruxism significantly influenced the survival of FDPs, whereas abutment vitality, position of the non-vital abutment, or prosthesis length did not show any significant influence on the occurrence of FDP failure. The survival of SC was influenced by anterior placement, non-vital abutments, and bruxism, while the patient’s age and sex, the location of the crowns in relation to the jaws, the type of tooth, the presence of post and core, and the type of crown material, treatment providers, or smoking did not show significant effects on the survival of SC.In summary, within the limitations of the review and retrospective studies, bruxism, smoking, and type of prosthesis material are suggested to contribute toFDP failure. Anterior placement, non-vital abutments, and bruxism are factors increasing the rate of SC failure.
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4.
  • Parrow, Albin (författare)
  • Insights into the small intestinal colloids and their impact on drug solubility
  • 2022
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Oral administration is the preferred route for drug delivery because it has high patient compliance and is cost effective. The aqueous solubility of modern drug candidates is often poor, but a drug delivered orally must dissolve in the intestine so that it can be absorbed into the circulation. Advanced formulations can be used to improve the solubility, but the possible improvement in bioavailability from formulation varies among drug molecules. In vitro methods can be used to assess solubility, but these are slow and consume valuable drug material that is often rare early in development. As a non-destructive alternative, in silico methods have the potential to predict solubility, but methods available are in need of improvement, especially for predictions of drug solubility in intestinal fluid and for refining drug formulations. The goal of this thesis is to use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the colloidal structures in intestinal fluids that affect drug solubility, and to simulate processes that affect solubility on the molecular level. Coarse-grained MD simulation protocols for biorelevant media, human and dog duodenal fluids, and lipid-based formulations were established based on concentrations measured in vivo. In the simulations, colloids self-assembled to micelles and vesicles depending on concentration and component input. Simulations with biorelevant media resulted in micelles qualitatively similar to those experimentally measured by small-angle X-rays. The structure of the colloids in the simulations were described in detail, and used to qualitatively assess drug solubility enhancement in model compounds with poor water solubility. These assessments were made by looking at the displacement of drugs and the drugs’ interactions with molecules in small intestinal fluid. The MD simulations were not able replace current solubility-predicting in silico models, but do show that coarse-grained MD simulations can be used for investigating the relevant processes involving intestinal fluids and lipid-based formulations.
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