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- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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- Duarte-Salles, Talita, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fat, fat subtypes and hepatocellular carcinoma in a large European cohort
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 137:11, s. 2715-2728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of amount and type of dietary fat consumption in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood, despite suggestive biological plausibility. The associations of total fat, fat subtypes and fat sources with HCC incidence were investigated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, which includes 191 incident HCC cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2010. Diet was assessed by country-specific, validated dietary questionnaires. A single 24-hr diet recall from a cohort subsample was used for measurement error calibration. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV/HCV) status and biomarkers of liver function were assessed separately in a nested case-control subset with available blood samples (HCC = 122). In multivariable calibrated models, there was a statistically significant inverse association between total fat intake and risk of HCC (per 10 g/day, HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.99), which was mainly driven by monounsaturated fats (per 5 g/day, HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55-0.92) rather than polyunsaturated fats (per 5 g/day, HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.68-1.25). There was no association between saturated fats (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.88-1.34) and HCC risk. The ratio of polyunsaturated/monounsaturated fats to saturated fats was not significantly associated with HCC risk (per 0.2 point, HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73-1.01). Restriction of analyses to HBV/HCV free participants or adjustment for liver function did not substantially alter the findings. In this large prospective European cohort, higher consumption of monounsaturated fats is associated with lower HCC risk.
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- Edhborg, Fredrik, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Triplet States of Cyanostar and Its Anion Complexes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 127:28, s. 5841-5850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of advanced optical materials based on triplet states requires knowledge of the triplet energies of the molecular building blocks. To this end, we report the triplet energy of cyanostar (CS) macrocycles, which are the key structure-directing units of small-molecule ionic isolation lattices (SMILES) that have emerged as programmable optical materials. Cyanostar is a cyclic pentamer of covalently linked cyanostilbene units that form π-stacked dimers when binding anions as 2:1 complexes. The triplet energies, ET, of the parent cyanostar and its 2:1 complex around PF6- are measured to be 1.96 and 2.02 eV, respectively, using phosphorescence quenching studies at room temperature. The similarity of these triplet energies suggests that anion complexation leaves the triplet energy relatively unchanged. Similar energies (2.0 and 1.98 eV, respectively) were also obtained from phosphorescence spectra of the iodinated form, I-CS, and of complexes formed with PF6- and IO4- recorded at 85 K in an organic glass. Thus, measures of the triplet energies likely reflect geometries close to those of the ground state either directly by triplet energy transfer to the ground state or indirectly by using frozen media to inhibit relaxation. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT were undertaken on a cyanostar analogue, CSH, to examine the triplet state. The triplet excitation localizes on a single olefin whether in the single cyanostar or its π-stacked dimer. Restriction of the geometrical changes by forming either a dimer of macrocycles, (CSH)2, or a complex, (CSH)2·PF6-, reduces the relaxation resulting in an adiabatic energy of the triplet state of 2.0 eV. This structural constraint is also expected for solid-state SMILES materials. The obtained T1 energy of 2.0 eV is a key guide line for the design of SMILES materials for the manipulation of triplet excitons by triplet state engineering in the future.
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- Guaita, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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The Lyman alpha reference sample IV. Morphology at low and high redshift
- 2015
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The transport of Ly alpha photons in galaxies is a complex process and the conditions under which Ly alpha photons manage to escape from certain galaxies is still under investigation. The Lyman alpha reference sample (LARS) is a sample of 14 local star-forming galaxies, designed to study Ly alpha in detail and relate it to rest-frame UV and optical emission. Aims. With the aim of identifying rest-frame UV and optical properties, which are typical of Ly alpha emitters (LAEs, galaxies with EW(Ly alpha) > 20 angstrom) at both low and high redshift, we investigated the morphological properties of the LARS galaxies, in particular the ones that exhibit intense Ly alpha radiation. Methods. We measured sizes and morphological parameters in the continuum, Ly alpha, and Ha images. We studied morphology by using the Gini coefficient vs. M20 and asymmetry vs. concentration diagrams. We then simulated LARS galaxies at z similar to 2 and 5.7, performing the same morphological measurements. We also investigated the detectability of LARS galaxies in current deep field observations. The subsample of LAEs within LARS (LARS-LAEs) was stacked to provide a comparison to stacking studies performed at high redshift. Results. LARS galaxies have continuum size, stellar mass, and rest-frame absolute magnitude typical of Lyman break analogues in the local Universe and also similar to 2 < z < 3 star-forming galaxies and massive LAEs. LARS optical morphology is consistent with the one of merging systems, and irregular or starburst galaxies. For the first time we quantify the morphology in Ly alpha images: even if a variety of intrinsic conditions of the interstellar medium can favour the escape of Ly alpha photons, LARS-LAEs appear small in the continuum, and their Ly alpha is compact. LARS galaxies tend to be more extended in Ly alpha than in the rest-frame UV. It means that Ly alpha photons escape by forming haloes around HII regions of LARS galaxies. Conclusions. The stack of LARS-LAE Ly alpha images is peaked in the centre, indicating that the conditions, which make a galaxy an LAE, tend to produce a concentrated surface brightness profile. On the other hand, the stack of all LARS galaxies is shallower and more extended. This can be caused by the variety of dust and HI amount and distribution, which produces a more complex, patchy, and extended profile, like the one observed for Lyman break galaxies that can contribute to the stack. We cannot identify a single morphological property that controls whether a galaxy emits a net positive Ly alpha flux. However, the LARS-LAEs have continuum properties consistent with merging systems.
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- Laursen, K. R., et al.
(författare)
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An RCT of acute health effects in COPD-patients after passive vape exposure from e-cigarettes
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2001-8525. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: E-cigarette use has been shown to have short-term acute effects among active users but less is known of the acute passive effects, particularly among individuals with existing respiratory diseases. Objective: To investigate local and systemic effects of short-term passive vape exposure among patients with mild or moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: In a double-blinded crossover study 16 non-smoking COPD-patients (mean age 68) were randomly exposed for 4 h to passive vape (median PM2.5: 18 mu g/m(3) (range: 8-333)) and clean air (PM2.5 < 6 mu g/m(3)) separated by 14 days. Particles were measured using an ultrafine particle counter (P-TRAK) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Health effects including Surfactant Protein-A (SP-A) and albumin in exhaled air, spirometry, FeNO, and plasma proteins were evaluated before, right after, and 24 hours after exposure. Participants reported symptoms throughout exposure sessions. Data were analyzed using mixed models. Results: SP-A in exhaled air was negatively affected by exposure to vape and several plasma proteins increased significantly. Throat irritation was more pronounced during passive vape exposure, while FVC and FEV1 decreased, however, not significantly. Conclusions: SP-A in exhaled air and some plasma proteins were affected by passive vape in patients with COPD indicating inflammation, showing that passive vape exposure is potentially harmful.
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| 8. |
- Lund, M. V., et al.
(författare)
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Beta-delayed proton emission from 21Mg
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-601X .- 1434-6001. ; 51:9, s. Art. no. 113-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beta-delayed proton emission from 21Mg has been measured at ISOLDE, CERN, with a detection setup consisting of two charged-particle telescopes surrounding the decay point. Altogether 27 βp branches were measured with center-of-mass energies between 0.4–7.2 MeV. Seven new βp branches were observed. Beta-delayed protons were used to determine the half-life of 21Mg as 118.6 ± 0.5 ms. From a line shape fit of the βp branches we extract the widths, spins, and parities of the resonances of 21Na. An improved interpretation of the decay scheme in accordance with the results obtained in reaction studies is presented.
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| 9. |
- Lund, M. V., et al.
(författare)
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Systematic trends in beta-delayed particle emitting nuclei: The case of beta p alpha emission from Mg-21
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 750, s. 356-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have observed beta(+)-delayed alpha and p alpha emission from the proton-rich nucleus Mg-21 produced at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The assignments were cross-checked with a time distribution analysis. This is the third identified case of beta p alpha emission. We discuss the systematic of beta-delayed particle emission decays, show that our observed decays fit naturally into the existing pattern, and argue that the patterns are to a large extent caused by odd-even effects. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 10. |
- Lund, M. V., et al.
(författare)
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Systematic trends in beta-delayed particle emitting nuclei: The case of βpα emission from 21Mg
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 750:Art. no. 31347, s. 356-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have observed β+-delayed α and pα emission from the proton-rich nucleus 21Mg produced at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The assignments were cross-checked with a time distribution analysis. This is the third identified case of βpα emission. We discuss the systematic of beta-delayed particle emission decays, show that our observed decays fit naturally into the existing pattern, and argue that the patterns are to a large extent caused by odd-even effects.
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