| 1. |
- Lee, Ja Young, et al.
(author)
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How safe is tuning a radio?: using the radio tuning task as a benchmark for distracted driving
- 2018
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In: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575. ; 110, s. 29-37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Drivers engage in non-driving tasks while driving, such as interactions entertainment systems. Studies have dentified glance patterns related to such interactions, and manual radio tuning has been used as a reference task to set an upper bound on the acceptable demand of interactions. Consequently, some view the risk associated with radio tuning as defining the upper limit of glance measures associated with visual-manual in-vehicle activities. However, we have little knowledge about the actual degree of crash risk that radio tuning poses and, by extension, the risk of tasks that have similar glance patterns as the radio tuning task. In the current study, we use counterfactual simulation to take the glance patterns for manual radio tuning tasks from an on-road experiment and apply these patterns to lead-vehicle events observed in naturalistic driving studies. We then quantify how often the glance patterns from radio tuning are associated with rear-end crashes, compared to driving only situations. We used the pre-crash kinematics from 34 crash events from the SHRP2 naturalistic driving study to investigate the effect of radio tuning in crash-imminent situations, and we also investigated the effect of radio tuning on 2,475 routine braking events from the Safety Pilot project. The counterfactual simulation showed that off-road glances transform some near-crashes that could have been avoided into crashes, and glance patterns observed in on-road radio tuning experiment produced 2.85–5.00 times more crashes than baseline driving.
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| 2. |
- Widdicks, Kelly, et al.
(author)
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Systems thinking and efficiency under emissions constraints: Addressing rebound effects in digital innovation and policy
- 2023
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In: Patterns. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-3899. ; 4:2
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Innovations and efficiencies in digital technology have lately been depicted as paramount in the green transition to enable the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, both in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector and the wider economy. This, however, fails to adequately account for rebound effects that can offset emission savings and, in the worst case, increase emissions. In this perspective, we draw on a transdisciplinary workshop with 19 experts from carbon accounting, digital sustainability research, ethics, sociology, public policy, and sustainable business to expose the challenges of addressing rebound effects in digital innovation processes and associated policy. We utilize a responsible innovation approach to uncover potential ways forward for incorporating rebound effects in these domains, concluding that addressing ICT-related rebound effects ultimately requires a shift from an ICT efficiency-centered perspective to a “systems thinking” model, which aims to understand efficiency as one solution among others that requires constraints on emissions for ICT environmental savings to be realized.
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| 3. |
- Taylor, Simon J.E., et al.
(author)
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Using Simulation and Digital Twins to Innovate: Are we Getting Smarter?
- 2021
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In: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736. ; 2021-December
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Digital Twins have recently emerged as a major new area of innovation. Digital Twins are often found at the core of 'smart' solutions that have also emerged as major areas of innovation. Modeling and Simulation (MS) approaches create a model of a real-world system that is linked to data sources and is used to simulate and predict the behavior of its real-world counterpart. On the face of it Digital Twins and MS appear to be similar, if not the same. Is this actually the case? Are the two fields really separate or is Digital Twin research re-inventing the 'MS wheel'? To investigate these relationships, in this panel we will explore some contemporary innovations with Digital Twins and discuss whether or not Digital Twins is a contemporary 'refresh' or 'rebranding' of MS or if there are exciting new synergies.
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