| 1. |
- Ingason, Haukur, et al.
(författare)
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The Metro Project : Final report
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report compiles the results from the METRO project. The different parts of theproject – design fires, evacuation, integrated fire control, smoke control, extraordinarystrain onconstructions and fire- and rescue operations – are presented separately.The most complicated and expensive part of the project was the performance of thelarge scale fire and explosion tests in the Brunsberg tunnel, where the maximum heatrelease rates measured from the metro wagon was 77 MW.The main results from the project are new recommendations regarding design firesin mass transport systems, identification of key factors for fire and smoke spread in tunnelsand at stations as well as regarding the difficulties for disabled persons to evacuatefrom trains in tunnels, new recommended types of way guiding systems, safer design incase of explosions in trains and evaluation of the fire and rescue services’ possibilitiesand limitations in underground mass transport systems.
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| 2. |
- Li, Ying Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Study of critical velocity and backlayering length in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires
- 2010
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Ingår i: Fire safety journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-7112 .- 1873-7226. ; :45, s. 361-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental tests and theoretical analyses were conducted to investigate the critical velocity together with the backlayering length in tunnel fires. The experiments were performed in two longitudinally ventilated model tunnels. The proposed correlations for critical velocity are found to comply well with experimental data in both tunnels. The critical Froude Number and the critical Richardson Number were analyzed using the experimental data. The backlayering length was related to the ratio of longitudinal ventilation velocity to critical velocity. Experimental data shows that the relation between the ratio of ventilation velocity to critical velocity and the dimensionless backlayering length follows an exponential relation. A correlation based on experimental data to predict the backlayering length is proposed. Further, comparison of experimental data of critical velocity and backlayering length with results from large-scale tests shows that there is a good agreement in both scales. The effect of accident vehicle obstruction on critical velocity and backlayering length was also analyzed. Experimental data shows that the decrease rate of critical velocity due to obstruction is slightly greater than the ratio of cross-section area of the model vehicle to tunnel cross-section area, and the backlayering length with an accident vehicle set inside the tunnel gets smaller.
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| 3. |
- Li, Ying Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical and Experimental Study of Critical Velocity for Smoke Control in a Tunnel Cross-Passage
- 2013
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Ingår i: Fire technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-2684 .- 1572-8099. ; 49:2, s. 435-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theoretical analyses and model-scale experiments have been conducted to investigate the critical velocity in a tunnel cross-passage which is defined as the minimum ventilation velocity through the fireproof door to prevent smoke from flowing into a cross-passage. The effect of the fireproof door geometry, heat release rate, ventilation velocity and fire source location were taken into account. The critical velocity in a tunnel cross-passage varies approximately as three-second power of the fireproof door height, as one-third power of the heat release rate and as exponential law of the ventilation velocity, almost independent of the fireproof door width. The critical Froude Number range varies mainly between 5 to 10 and consequently as it is not a constant value it is not very suitable to predict the critical velocity in a tunnel cross-passage. A dimensionless correlation that can correlate well with the experimental data was proposed
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| 4. |
- Sun, Qie, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of secondary energy in China's iron and steel industry - An approach of industrial metabolism
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Green Energy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1543-5075 .- 1543-5083. ; 13:8, s. 793-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study developed a conceptual model based on the industrial metabolism approach and the generic model can be used to analyze the energy flows for the iron and steel (Is) industry. based on the general situation of china's is industry, the energy flows with the focus on secondary energy reuse were analyzed for each of the is production process. by applying the model to a china's is enterprise, it was found that corporation a recovered and reused 46.6% of its secondary energy in 2010, while there was still a large potential of secondary energy to explore, i.e. about 25.7x10(15) joule. concerning the general situation in china's is industry, over 1500x10(15) joule of secondary energy could be further recovered, without the need of technological breakthroughs or unaffordable investments.
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