| 1. |
- Backe, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Serially connected EAP based tape yarns for in-air actuation using textile structures
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart textiles that have the capability for actuation are of great interest for creating wearables and haptic devices. Through the use of textile fabric production processes electroactive polymeric materials in the form of film-based yarns can be integrated and combined with passive yarns to create soft, actuating fabrics. This way single EAP materials can be transformed into segments consisting of multiple EAP yarns working together. Furthermore, these segments can be positioned within a fabric to work individually or simultaneously in different patterns by use of incorporated conductive yarn paths. While the chase for additivity in force is a long-standing part of developing new actuator structures, so is the need for additivity in displacement motion. Here we construct an actuating textile fabric through the process of weaving that is able to operate in-air using polypyrrole-based tape yarns with choline acetate ionic liquid. Finding the balance between the weaving parameters turned out to be key. We found that in a vertically suspended arrangement, a three-segment serially connected fabric assembly demonstrated an accumulative effect in displacement and a joint-like motion behaviour. This opens up for more complicated motion patterns to be created through textile processing of EAP materials.
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| 2. |
- Backe, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Towards responding fabrics : textile processing of thin threadlike pneumatic actuators
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With few exceptions textiles have not been considered as means for obtaining actuation. This is surprising as textiles have many advantageous characteristics such as the D=M property, which stands for Doing Devices while Making the Material. This means that functions are introduced simultaneously as the material, such as in a weave, is built up tread by tread. Traditionally a thread could have a certain colour so in total an aesthetical pattern is formed. Now we take a step beyond this working with threadshaving more advanced functions. Included are fiber formed structures showing actuation behavior. This we employ here. We make fiber formed actuating structures (FAS) following the McKibben principle with braided mesh sleeves surrounding a prolonged inflatable tube. Here we worked with relatively large diameters in the relaxed state but show that there is prospect for obtaining relaxed diameters of less than 1 mm approaching the range of large scale weaving manufacturing. We study the behavior of these fibre formed actuating structures individually. Length changes obtained are -20%.We then make textile constructions by integrating several of these FASes with textile processing. By this, we build simple models of fabrics showing actuating behavior. This study shows how textile constructions can support or hinder overall movement. It is a first logical step in order to get an understanding of actuating fabrics based also on other actuating mechanisms.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Björkquist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Implementation of a Home-Based Phantom Limb Pain Treatment Facilitated by Textile-Electrode System - A Case Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Caring is Sharing — Exploiting the Value in Data for Health and Innovation. - : IOS Press. - 9781643683881 - 9781643683898 ; , s. 682-683
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study reports the use of a new textile-electrode system for self-administered Phantom Motor Execution (PME) treatment at home in one patient with Phantom Limb Pain (PLP). In follow-up interviews, the patient reported reduced pain, increased mobility, and improved mental health, and aspects such as motivation, usability, support, and treatment outcome, could be recognized from an earlier study as crucial for successful implementation and adoption of the home-based long-term treatment. The findings are of interest to developers, providers, users, and researchers planning home-based clinical studies and/or scenarios based on technology-assisted treatment.
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| 5. |
- Duan, Y M, et al.
(författare)
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Pollution control in biochar-driven clean composting : Emphasize on heavy metal passivation and gaseous emissions mitigation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Present study was focus on the pollution control aspect of gaseous mitigation and heavy metal passivation as well as their associated bacterial communities driven by apple tree branch biochar (BB) during sheep manure composting. Six treatment was performed with distinct concentration of BB from 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% as T1 to T6. Compared with compost without additive, biochar-based composting recorded faster thermophilic process (4thd) and longer duration (12-14d), lower gaseous emission in terms of ammonia (5.37-10.29 g), nitrous oxide (0.12-0.47 g) and methane (4.38-30.29 g). Notably highest temperature (65.3 celcius) and active thermophilic duration (14d), minimized gaseous volatilization were detected in 10%BB composting. Aspect of non-degradability and enrichment-concentration properties of heavy metals, the total copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were increased (from initial 12.71-17.91 to final 16.36-29.36 mg/kg and 107.39-146.58-161.48-211.91 mg/ kg). In view of available diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA) extractable form, DTPA-Cu and DTPA-Zn from 4.29 to 6.57 and 31.66-39.32 mg/kg decreased to 3.75-4.82 and 23.43-40.54 mg/kg, especially the maximized passivation rate of 46.95% and 56.27% were present in 10%BB composting. Additionally, bacterial diversity of biochar-based composting was increased (1817-2310 OTUs) than control (1686 OTUs) and dominant by Firmicutes (52.75%), Bacteroidetes (28.41%) and Actinobacteriota (13.98%). Validated 10% biochar-based composting is the optimal option for effectively control environmental pollution to obtain hygienic composting.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Siw, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional multilayer fabric structures for interactive textiles
- 2011
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Ingår i: 3rd World Conference on 3D Fabrics and Their Applications; Wuhan; China; 20 April 2011 through 21 April 2011. - 9781846260490 ; , s. 63-67
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. The integration of performances in interactive textile fabric system has so far been rather complicated since they are based on multilayer or three-dimensional principles. These structures are today mainly put together by means of several processes, which is laborious and time consuming. In this interdisciplinary study we have combined the principle of a three-dimensional multilayer weaving process and interactive textiles structures in order to enable the manufacturing of interactive textile structure in one process. The process is investigated using a manual reconstructed loom and the approach has been to use the 3D structures in order to integrate and organize conductive and compressive spacer layers as a textile capacitive structure. Measurements on such a structure was done by construction a first order passive high pass filter and using the fabric sample as the capacitor and a 1MΩ resistor. The behavior of the measurement of the capacitive sensor is quite close to the theoretical calculation and already at this stage the structure might be used to indicate the presence of a pressure. In this project we have shown that a three-dimensional structure enables the development of interactive textiles in one process. Further the concept of using a rebuilt manual loom has shown great potential in early research stages. It is considerable saving time and resources since, in this case, it is easy to reconstruct the loom design compared to performing similar reconstruction on a machine. Future research will focus on developing other types of interactive structures. Another issue will be to scale down the size of the structures in order to get thinner and more flexible qualities.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Siw, et al.
(författare)
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Tredimensionell vävteknik med möjliga tillämpningar inom medicinsk teknik
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Integreringen av interaktiva egenskaper i teknisk textil har rönt stort intresse inom textil-forskningen de senaste åren. Med interaktiva textila strukturer avses textila system som interagerar med sin omgivning i någon mening. Ett sätt att åtadkomma dessa interaktiva strukturer är att foga samman lager av olika struktur eller material där varje lager tillför textilen/det textila systemet olika egenskaper. Det typiska tillvägagångssättet för att sammanfoga olika lager av textila material är att använda någon form av lamineringsteknik. Föreliggande projekt rör en ny vävteknik som möjliggör att flera textila lager med olika egenskaper vävs samman i en och samma process utan de tillsatser eller extra hantering som krävs vid laminering. Utöver de uppenbara produktionstekniska fördelarna möjliggör kombinationen av olika egenskaper i en lagerstruktur också att speciella krav på slutprodukten lättare kan tillgodoses. Det medicintekniska området förväntas ha stor nytta av textila strukturer som kan utformas i tre dimensioner eller kombinera olika egenskaper i en och samma struktur. Syftet är att demonstrera hur en nyutvecklad vävteknik för tredimensionella strukturer kan tillämpas för att tillverka interaktiva textila strukturer i en och samma tillverkningsprocess. I detta delprojekt har den tredimensionella tekniken använts för att utveckla en kapacitiv struktur utformad helt i textil. Genom mindre modifieringar av och tillägg till en 16-skaftad datorstyrd manuell prototypvävstol har två ledande och ett isolerande skikt kombinerats för att realisera en textilbaserad kondensator. I ett första test realiserades ett enkelt högpassfilter med den kapacitiva textila strukturen som kondensator. Filtrets egenskaper visade sig väl följa den förväntade filterkarakteristiken. Den nyutvecklade tredimensionella vävtekniken förväntas ha stora tillämpningsmöjligheter inom det medicintekniska området.
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| 9. |
- Euler, Luisa, et al.
(författare)
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A review of textile-based electrodes developed for electrostimulation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Textile research journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 0040-5175 .- 1746-7748.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrical stimulation can be used for the treatment of various nerve and muscle injuries as well as acute and chronic pain conditions. An electrical pulse is applied to a muscle or nerve to activate excitable tissue using internal or external electrodes with the aim of building muscle strength, artificially creating or supporting limb movement or reducing pain. Textile electrodes offer several advantages over conventionally used disposable surface electrodes: they are flexible and re-usable and they do not require hydrogels, thereby avoiding skin irritation and allergic reactions and enhancing user comfort. This article presents a literature review that assesses the state of research on textile electrode constructions. Based on the review, production approaches and designs are compared, methods for evaluating stimulation discomfort and pain are proposed and issues related to user compliance are discussed. The article concludes with suggestions for future work focused on investigating the impacts of textile-based electrode parameters on comfort, convenience and ease of use.
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| 10. |
- Euler, Luisa, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the electrolyte concentration and amount on the performance of textile electrodes in electrostimulation: A systematic study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sensors and Actuators A-Physical. - : Elsevier. - 0924-4247 .- 1873-3069. ; 366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTextile-based stimulation electrodes are a fast-growing research area. With their advantages including flexibility, reusability and the possibility for integration into garments, textile electrodes open up new possibilities that are not yet feasible today, e.g. various self-administrated treatments and rehabilitation based on neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). So far, most research has shown that textile-based stimulation electrodes perform more reliable when wetted with an electrolyte. However, there is no systematic investigation about which type and amount of electrolyte to use.MethodsIn this study, double-layered textile electrodes have been produced by machine knitting with a size of 3 × 3 cm2. The electrodes were wetted stepwise with a liquid amount from 5 µL up to 320 µL; four levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations, i.e. 0.9%, 1.5%, 5% and 35%, plus pure deionized water as a reference liquid were chosen. The study analyzed the behavior of the skin-electrode impedance when changing the moisture content and NaCl concentration. In addition, equivalent circuits were modelled for deeper insights into the mechanisms causing an impedance change.ResultsResults showed that the impedance was greatly influenced by the liquid amount with amounts of 5 µL already significantly reducing the impedance compared to dry electrodes, caused by a substantial reduction in resistance. The reactance, on the other hand, was only partly influenced by the liquid amount showing a reduction upon higher liquid amounts only within a range of 5 – 40 µL. Further, a significant influence on the impedance by the presence of ions was found where the skin-electrode systems wetted with NaCl solution were showing generally lower impedances than systems wetted with deionized water. However, within this, no remarkable influence of the NaCl concentration could be observed. As the impedance was found to be very sensitive to the moisture content in the system, it is recommended to introduce standardizations for impedance testing of wet textile electrodes with precisely controlled electrolyte volumes and liquid migration properties to make independent studies of textile electrodes more comparable.
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