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- Bergman Nordgren, Lise, et al.
(författare)
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Polariserad debatt om riktlinjer skymmer viktiga frågor
- 2018
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 115:37, s. 1372-1372
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Debatten om Socialstyrelsens nya riktlinjer för ångest och depression har varit polariserad och inte konstruktiv. Diskussionen bör inte handla om PDT eller KBT utan om evidensbaserade metoder och kompetensbrist.
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- Griffith, May, et al.
(författare)
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Vision Enhancing Ophthalmic Devices and Related Methods and Compositions
- 2005
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Devices, methods, and compositions for improving vision or treating diseases, disorders or injury of the eye are described. Ophthalmic devices, such as corneal onlays, corneal inlays, and full-thickness corneal implants, are made of a material that is effective in facilitating nerve growth through or over the device. The material may include an amount of collagen greater than 1% (w/w), such as between about 10% (w/w) and about 30% (w/w). The material may include collagen polymers and/or a second biopolymer or water-soluble synthetic polymer cross-linked using EDC/NHS chemistry. The material may additionally comprise a synthetic polymer. The devices are placed into an eye to correct or improve the vision of an individual or to treat a disease, disorder or injury of an eye of an individual.
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- LI, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Management of Banana Waste through Renewable Energy and Bio-Fertilizer Generation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bananas : Cultivation, Consumption and Crop Diseases. - 9781634854184 - 9781634854290 ; , s. 69-89
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Bananas are widely consumed fruits with over 140 metric tons produced annually. As much as 336 metric tons of banana pseudo-stems, sheaths, piths, peels and leaves are produced annually. These wastes are usually discarded via composting, aerobic decomposition, incinerated or simply allowed to rot in the fields. However, these treatments may cause serious environmental and ecological problems. Meantime, banana wastes are high in organic content that can be converted to a renewable energy. Renewable energy generation technologies such anaerobic digestion (AD), dark fermentation and ethanol fermentation are commonly reported in scientific literature. This chapter deals with the usability of banana waste as feedstock for bio-energy (in the form of biogas bio-hydrogen and bio-ethanol) production and various pre-treatments commonly applied prior to these processes. AD process is a four-step sequential process whereby bacteria and Archaea break organic matter in the absence of oxygen to produce a mixture of gases (biogas), amongst them energy-rich methane. The generated biogas can be upgraded to bio-methane that can be a substitute for natural gas. The AD process is widely recognized as a promising, robust, low-cost technique for treatment of various organic wastes streams with or without pre-treatment. AD is also easy to perform and the residue from the process called digestate can be used as a bio-fertilizer. Banana residues may become a feedstock of choice in the AD process because of its low lignin content and high biodegradability. There are several bacteria with a potential for hydrogen production through dark fermentation. In recent years, extreme thermophilic bacteria Caldicellulosiruptor sp. have emerged as bacteria of choice for hydrogen production because of high rates and high yields. For banana residues to be used as feedstock for hydrogen production through dark fermentation it must be pre-treated to release organic acids such as acetic and butyric acids, which are preferred substrates for Caldicellulosiruptor sp. Pre-treatments to yield simple sugars such as glucose and sucrose can also be employed when a mixed culture is used as the seed for hydrogen production.Various types of yeast have been used for ethanol production from glucose (6 carbons), xylose (5 carbons) or both. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model eukaryotic organism, often used in such research because it is easy to manipulate and culture, and is comparatively similar in structure to human cells. As with dark fermentation, there is a need for a pre-treatment before one can use banana residues for ethanol fermentation as the yeast can only use reduced organic forms such as glucose and xylose. There is also the possible of combined hydrogen or combined ethanol and biogas production thereby maximizing energy yields and producing a valuable fertilizer from the digestate (after AD). In such a scenario, a closed loop can be created.
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