| 1. |
- Crowe, Jacob D., et al.
(författare)
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Alkaline and Alkaline-Oxidative Pretreatment and Hydrolysis of Herbaceous Biomass for Growth of Oleaginous Microbes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Microbial Lipid Production. - New York, NY : Springer Nature. ; , s. 173-182
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter describes methods for generation of hydrolysates amenable to conversion to microbial lipids from herbaceous lignocellulosic biomass utilizing either mild alkali pretreatment with NaOH or alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment with NaOH and H2O2. This pretreatment is followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the plant cell wall polysaccharides to yield hydrolysates. These hydrolysates are composed primarily of the monosaccharides glucose and xylose as well as acetate and phenolic monomers that may all serve as a source of renewable carbon to produce microbial lipids. Application of these mild pretreatment conditions minimizes the generation of inhibitors, enabling microbial cultivations to often be performed without the need for detoxification.
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| 2. |
- Evans, David A.D., et al.
(författare)
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An expanding list of reliable paleomagnetic poles for Precambrian tectonic reconstructions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 605-639
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a compilation of reliable Precambrian paleomagnetic poles from three successive international workshops (in years 2009, 2014, 2017), comprising paleomagnetists specializing in Precambrian tectonic reconstructions. The working groups compiled lists of two global classes of poles, published through the end of 2017. “Grade-A” results are judged to provide essential constraints on tectonic reconstructions; “Grade-B” poles are judged to be suggestive of high-quality, but not yet demonstrated to be primary, or perhaps lacking precise geochronologic or other constraints. Our catalog documents a resurgence of high-quality data acquisition in recent years, and highlights specific cratons and time intervals that are most lacking in the data needed to reconstruct those blocks through supercontinental cycles.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Gul, E., et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives and state of the art in producing solar fuels and chemicals from CO2
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Volume 2: Chemical Processes. - : Elsevier. - 9780323901505 ; , s. 181-219
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Solar Fuels and chemicals from CO2 can be produced through two main reactions: one is CO2 photoreduction, using different catalysts and different reducing agents; the other is CO2 fixation, which is usually performed through natural photosynthesis. The research nowadays is directed on the production of fuels and chemicals with one or two atoms of carbon, for example CH4, CO, HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH, C2H5OH, etc. The chapter aims at comparing natural photosynthesis processes and reactions with artificial photosynthesis. After taking into consideration the natural photosynthetic process, the chapter focuses on heterogeneous and homogeneous photocatalysis. Heterogeneous catalysis can be performed with semiconductors and powder catalysts. Special attention is given to TiO2 as a promising photocatalyst. Homogeneous photocatalysts are usually represented by molecular catalysts, which are dissolved in water or another solvent. Usually, homogeneous photocatalysis is performed in complex systems which are composed by: a light harvesting unit (LHU) (i.e. the photosensitizer); one catalytic site for the oxidation process, where the electrons are supplied by a sacrificial donor; one reduction site, where the electrons are transmitted to CO2. Finally, even more complex systems are represented by those based on photoelectrocatalysis. These have the main advantage to separate the oxidation and reduction reactions at the two different electrodes of the system. In principle photoelectrochemical cells can be a way to mimic artificially the working principle of natural photosynthesis.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Huang, D., et al.
(författare)
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CMOS device reliability : A modified charge-pumping method for the characterization of interface-trap generation in MOSFETs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Selected Semiconductor Research. - : World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd. ; , s. 301-308
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A novel recovery-free interface-trap measurement method is presented in detail. This method is the modification of the conventional charge pumping (CP) by extending the pulse low-level to the stress-bias and minimizing the pulse high-level duty cycle to suppress the recovery effect. The method is applied to study the negative-bias temperature instability in p-MOSFETs. As compared with the conventional CP, a much larger interface-trap generation under stress is observed by the new method. A power law time dependence (~ tn) of interface-trap generation is observed. The index n is less than that derived from conventional CP and increases with temperature, demonstrating a dispersive process involved in the trap generation dynamics.
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| 7. |
- LI, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Applications and Developments of Anaerobic Technology in China
- 2015
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Ingår i: Anaerobic Biotechnology: Environmental Protection and Resource Recovery. - : IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS. - 9781783267903 - 9781783267927 ; , s. 297-335
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Chinese government has been promoting the anaerobic treatment technology not only for pollution control but also for bioenergy recovery. Millions of decentralized anaerobic digesters have been built using animal manure and crop stalk as feedstock to improve the sanitary conditions and to produce biogas for heating and lighting for farmers and rural communities. Also, there are 22,570 medium to large sized anaerobic projects built for centralized animal manure treatment. In addition, over 2,000 medium to large anaerobic systems have been installed since 2000s for the treatment of industrial wastewaters including alcohol, starch, pulp and paper using technologies such as CSTR, UASB, EGSB, IC, etc. Overall, more than 25,100 medium to large sized anaerobic systems are now in operation in rural China, producing annually 7.5x109 m3 of biogas. Based on Chinese government’s 12th Five-Year Plan, biogas output will reach 21x109 m3 by 2020 from treatment of industrial wastewater, poultry wastes, municipal wastes and wastewater sludge; this amount will double by 2050. This Chapter is to summarize the development of anaerobic technology in China in the countryside as well as in industrial wastewater treatment. A number of case studies are present.
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| 8. |
- Li, G L, et al.
(författare)
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Lesions of axons and dendrites in spinal cord trauma.
- 1997
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Ingår i: In: M O , S K H (eds) Neurotraumatology: Biomechanical aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms, 1nd edn.. - : Schmidt-Röhmild, Lübeck. ; , s. 187-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Li, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
- 2022
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Ingår i: Photo‐ and Electro‐Catalytic Processes. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; , s. 415-483
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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