| 1. |
- Dou, Yangpeng, et al.
(author)
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Effects of reducibility of graphene oxide nanosheets on preparation of AgNPs/GO nanocomposites and their electrocatalytic performance
- 2015
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In: Journal of nanoparticle research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1388-0764 .- 1572-896X. ; 17:12, s. 1-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Silver nanoparticles/graphene oxide (AgNPs/GO) nanocomposites were prepared in a solution of AgNO3 and GO. The GO serves not only as a reductant but also as a substrate to support the as-reduced silver nanoparticles. The reducibility of GO was investigated by analyzing the influence factors such as pH, duration, the reaction temperature, and the weight ratio of AgNO3 and GO in the AgNP/GO nanocomposite mixture, which were evaluated by the UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that Ag nanoparticles with an average diameter of 5–10 nm were uniformly dispersed on the surface of GO nanosheets under the optimum synthesis conditions of pH between 8 and 11, weight ratio of AgNO3 and GO between 55 % and 60 %, and at 80 °C for 6 h. Moreover, the obtained AgNPs/GO nanocomposites exhibit good electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of p-nitrophenol to 4-(hydroxyamino) phenol.
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| 2. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(author)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Li, Yanbiao, et al.
(author)
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SDN components and OpenFlow
- 2018. - 1
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In: Big Data and Software Defined Networks. - London : IET Digital Library. - 9781785613043 - 9781785613050 ; , s. 49-68
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today's Internet suffers from ever-increasing challenges in scalability, mobility, and security, which calls for deep innovations on network protocols and infrastructures. However, the distributed controlling mechanism, especially the bundle of control plane and the data plane within network devices, sharply restricts such evolutions. In response, the software-defined networking (SDN), an emerging networking paradigm, proposes to decouple the control and data planes, producing logically centralized controllers, simple yet efficient forwarding devices, and potential abilities in functionalities programming. This chapter presents a short yet comprehensive overview of SDN components and the OpenFlow protocol on basis of both classic and latest literatures. The topics range from fundamental building blocks, layered architectures, novel controlling mechanisms, and design principles and efforts of OpenFlow switches.
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| 5. |
- Zhang, Yinping, et al.
(author)
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Ten cities cross-sectional questionnaire survey of children asthma and other allergies in China
- 2013
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In: Chinese Science Bulletin. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1001-6538 .- 1861-9541. ; 58:34, s. 4182-4189
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Asthma, rhinitis and eczema (allergic or non-allergic) have increased throughout the world during the last decades, especially among children. Changes in the indoor environment are suspected to be important causes. China has experienced a dramatic change in indoor environmental exposures during the past two decades. However, such changes and their associations with children's asthma and other health aspects have not been thoroughly studied. China, Children, Homes, Health (CCHH), Phase I, was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 48219 children 1-8 years old in 10 Chinese cities during 2010-2012. The questionnaire includes the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) core health questions and additional questions regarding housing, life habits and outdoor environment. In health analyses, children aged 3-6 years old were included. The prevalences of doctor diagnosed asthma varied from 1.7% to 9.8% (mean 6.8%), a large increase from 0.91% in 1999 and 1.50% in 2000. The prevalence of wheeze, rhinitis and atopic eczema (last 12 months) varied from 13.9% to 23.7%, 24.0% to 50.8% and 4.8% to 15.8%, respectively. Taiyuan had the lowest prevalences of all illnesses and Shanghai the highest, except for wheezewhere the highest value was for Urumqi. We found (1) no obvious association between disease prevalences and ambient PM10 concentrations and (2) higher prevalences of disease in humid climates with hot summers and cold winters, but with no centrally heated buildings. Associations between the diseases and economic status as indexed by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) requires further study.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Araujo, Rafael B., et al.
(author)
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Assessing Electrochemical Properties of Polypyridine and Polythiophene for Prospective Application in Sustainable Organic Batteries
- 2017
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In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 19:4, s. 3307-3314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conducting polymers are being considered promising candidates for sustainable organic batteries mainly due to their fast electron transport properties and high recyclability. In this work, key properties of polythiophene and polypyridine have been assessed through a combined theoretical and experimental study focusing on such applications. A theoretical protocol has been developed to calculate redox potentials in solution within the framework of the density functional theory and using continuous solvation models. Here, the evolution of the electrochemical properties of solvated oligomers as a function of the length of the chain is analyzed and then the polymer properties are estimated via linear regressions using ordinary least square. The predicted values were verified against our electrochemical experiments. This protocol can now be employed to screen a large database of compounds in order to identify organic electrodes with superior properties.
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| 8. |
- Araujo, Rafael B., et al.
(author)
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Designing strategies to tune reduction potential of organic molecules for sustainable high capacity batteries application
- 2017
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In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 5:9, s. 4430-4454
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Organic compounds evolve as a promising alternative to the currently used inorganic materials in rechargeable batteries due to their low-cost, environmentally friendliness and flexibility. One of the strategies to reach acceptable energy densities and to deal with the high solubility of known organic compounds is to combine small redox active molecules, acting as capacity carrying centres, with conducting polymers. Following this strategy, it is important to achieve redox matching between the chosen molecule and the polymer backbone. Here, a synergetic approach combining theory and experiment has been employed to investigate this strategy. The framework of density functional theory connected with the reaction field method has been applied to predict the formal potential of 137 molecules and identify promising candidates for the referent application. The effects of including different ring types, e.g. fused rings or bonded rings, heteroatoms, [small pi] bonds, as well as carboxyl groups on the formal potential, has been rationalized. Finally, we have identified a number of molecules with acceptable theoretical capacities that show redox matching with thiophene-based conducting polymers which, hence, are suggested as pendent groups for the development of conducting redox polymer based electrode materials.
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| 9. |
- Baks, Tim, et al.
(author)
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Schrödinger's capsule : a (micro) capsulate that is open and closed, almost, at the same time
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the Physics with Industry 2010, 11-15 October 2010, Leiden, The Netherlands. - : Lorentz Center Leiden.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We exploit different routes for encapsulation of food additives, such as minerals or vitamins, in a polymeric capsule. The added active ingredients should remain inside the capsule for at least a year in an aqueous environment (e.g. a dairy product), since sensory properties or functionality of the ingredients may otherwise be affected. However, after intake the active compound should readily (within 1 h) be released due to the acidic environment in the stomach. First, we propose a phenomenological model in order to study how a polymeric matrix may limit the diffusion of incorporated active molecules. The relation between the release rate of the active compound and its molecular weight is elucidated. Second, the desired capsules may be obtained by specific binding between subunits within the capsule and the active ingredient. We show two examples that rely on this mechanism: amylose-lipid complexes and mixed metal hydroxides. Amylose is able to form inclusion complexes with various types of ligands, including iodine, monoglycerides, fatty acids and alcohols, where the hydrophobic parts of the ligands are entrapped in the hydrophobic helical cavity of amylose. Mixed metal hydroxides are a versatile class of inorganic solids that consist of sheets of metal cations that are octahedrally surrounded by hydroxide molecules. In between these layers anionic species compensate for charge neutrality. In this way, various metal cations (minerals) may be incorporated with a high loading, and negatively charged actives may be placed between the layers. Upon digestion the particles dissolve and the ingredients are digested. Finally, we show that nature has already developed many intriguing capsules.
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| 10. |
- Bonander, Carl, et al.
(author)
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A Capture-Recapture-based Ascertainment Probability Weighting Method for Effect Estimation With Under-ascertained Outcomes.
- 2024
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In: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1531-5487 .- 1044-3983. ; 35:3, s. 340-348
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Outcome under-ascertainment, characterized by the incomplete identification or reporting of cases, poses a substantial challenge in epidemiologic research. While capture-recapture methods can estimate unknown case numbers, their role in estimating exposure effects in observational studies is not well established. This paper presents an ascertainment probability weighting framework that integrates capture-recapture and propensity score weighting. We propose a nonparametric estimator of effects on binary outcomes that combines exposure propensity scores with data from two conditionally independent outcome measurements to simultaneously adjust for confounding and under-ascertainment. Demonstrating its practical application, we apply the method to estimate the relationship between health care work and coronavirus disease 2019 testing in a Swedish region. We find that ascertainment probability weighting greatly influences the estimated association compared to conventional inverse probability weighting, underscoring the importance of accounting for under-ascertainment in studies with limited outcome data coverage. We conclude with practical guidelines for the method's implementation, discussing its strengths, limitations, and suitable scenarios for application.
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