| 1. |
- Li, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of thermal pretreatment on degradation kinetics of organics during kitchen waste anaerobic digestion
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 118, s. 377-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of thermal pretreatment on degradation properties of organics in kitchen waste (KW) was investigated. The kinetics results showed that thermal pretreatment could enhance the degradation efficiency of crude protein (CP), fat, oil and grease (FOG), volatile solid (VS) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Thermal pretreatment showed no significant difference in the final concentration of protein but could decrease the FOG degradation potential (7–36%), while increased the lag phase for degradation of protein and FOG respectively by 35–65% and 11–82% compared with untreated KW. Cumulative biogas yield increased linearly and exponentially with the removal efficiency of VS and other organics (CP and FOG) respectively. Additionally, the reduction of CP increased exponentially with FOG removal efficiency. The calculating methods of biogas yield, organics reduction and corresponding appropriate digestion retention based on FOG and CP reduction amount and pretreatment parameters were suggested.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Per A., et al.
(författare)
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Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.
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| 3. |
- Li, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of organic composition on mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 244, s. 213-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) has been widely investigated, however, little is known about the influence of organic composition on the FW digestion process. This study aims to identify the optimum composition ratios of carbohydrate (CA), protein (CP) and lipid (EE) for maintaining high methane yield and process stability. The results show that the CA–CP–EE ratio was significantly correlated with performance and degradability parameters. Controlling the CA–CP–EE ratio higher than 1.89 (CA higher than 8.3%, CP lower than 5.0%, and EE lower than 5.6%) could be an effective way to maintain stable digestion and achieve higher methane production (385–627 mL/g VS) and shorter digestion retention (196–409 h). The CA-CP-EE ratio could be used as an important indicator for digestion performance. To effectively evaluate organic reduction, the concentration and removal efficiency of organic compositions in both solid phases and total FW should be considered.
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| 4. |
- Li, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of organic composition on the anaerobic biodegradability of food waste
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 243, s. 836-845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work investigated the influence of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids on the anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) and the relationship between the parameters characterising digestion. Increasing the concentrations of proteins and lipids, and decreasing carbohydrate content in FW, led to high buffering capacity, reduction of proteins (52.7–65.0%) and lipids (57.4–88.2%), and methane production (385–627 mLCH4/g volatile solid), while achieving a short retention time. There were no significant correlations between the reduction of organics, hydrolysis rate constant (0.25–0.66 d−1) and composition of organics. Principal Component Analysis revealed that lipid, C, and N contents as well as the C/N ratio were the principal components for digestion. In addition, methane yield, the final concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen and free ammonia nitrogen, final pH values, and the reduction of proteins and lipids could be predicted by a second-order polynomial model, in terms of the protein and lipid weight fraction.
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| 5. |
- Li, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of thermal pretreatment on the biomethane yield and hydrolysis rate of kitchen waste
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 172, s. 47-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, batch tests were performed to evaluate the effects of different thermal pretreatment temperatures (55-160 °C) and durations (15-120 min) on the anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste (KW). Two commonly used approaches, namely the modified Gompertz model and the approach developed by Koch and Drewes, were applied to assess the effects of the different pretreatment parameters on the biomethane yield, lag time and hydrolysis rate constant via data fitting. The subsequent anaerobic digestion of KW pretreated at 55-120 °C presented greater efficiency, and longer treatment durations resulted in increased methane production and higher hydrolysis rate constants. These findings were obtained due to the lower nutrient loss observed in KW treated at lower temperature treatments compared with that found with higher temperature treatments. In general, the effects of thermal pretreatment on the lag phase and hydrolysis rate differed depending on the treatment parameters leading to the variations in the KW compositions. The soundness of the two model results was evaluated, and higher statistical indicators (R2) were found with the modified Gompertz model than with the approach developed by Koch and Drewes.
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| 6. |
- Li, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic studies on organic degradation and its impacts on improving methane production during anaerobic digestion of food waste
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 213, s. 136-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organics degradation is vital for food waste anaerobic digestion performance, however, the influence of organics degradation on biomethane production process has not been fully understood. This study aims to thoroughly investigate the organics degradation performance and identify the interaction between the reduction of organic components and methane yield based on the evaluation on 12 types of food waste. Five models (i.e. exponential, Fitzhugh, transference function, Cone and modified Gompertz models) were compared regarding the prediction of organic degradation and the results showed that the exponential model fit the experiments best, whereas kinetic parameters could not be commonly used for all situations. The exponential model was then used to study the impacts of organics reduction on the methane production and results revealed that the cumulative methane production (385–627 mL/g volatile solid) increased exponentially with the removal efficiency of volatile solids, lipids, and proteins for all feedstocks, whereas volatile solid reduction increased exponentially and linearly, respectively, with the removal efficiency of lipids and proteins. Additionally, protein degradation increased exponentially with the reduction efficiency of lipids. The experimental data and model simulation results suggested that higher methane production (530–548 mL/g volatile solid) and removal efficiency of volatile solids (65.0–67.8%), lipids (77.8–78.2%), and proteins (54.7–58.2%) could be achieved in a shorter digestion retention when carbohydrate content was higher than 47.6%, protein content lower than 24.1%, and lipid content lower than 28.3%.
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| 7. |
- Long, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Fuel-Specific Carbon Footprint Embodied in Japanese Household Lifestyles
- 2021
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Ingår i: Earth's Future. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 2328-4277. ; 9:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To comprehensively investigate how regional household contribute to national carbon emission, this paper evaluates both the direct and indirect Japanese household carbon-based emissions by using an environmentally extended input-output table as well as the regional household consumption inventory. The results indicate that the household sector is the key driving force behind Japan's emissions, and it accounts for approximately 80% of the country's total emissions when indirect emissions are included. Moreover, significant regional differences exist in terms of the carbon footprint, which is in part caused by household and fuel-type differences found across the country. Finally, this paper suggests that the impact of regional household and fuel-type differences on Japan's overall carbon footprint should be a primary focus when practitioners design customized strategies to decarbonize Japan at the subnational scale.
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| 8. |
- Huang, C., et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the water-energy nexus in urban water supply systems with city features
- 2018
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Ingår i: CLEANER ENERGY FOR CLEANER CITIES. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 265-270
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The water-energy nexus has been introduced into urban water supply systems (WSSs) to improve the current plight of scarce resources and greenhouse effect in recent years. Urban water-energy integrated management is limited by the characteristics and reality of each city. In this paper, we characterize the comprehensive influence factors of energy use in China urban WSSs including geographic differences and city forms. The results indicate that the pressure of pipeline network and plain area ratio restricted by geomorphology would significantly impact the energy consumption during conveyance and distribution stage. For the city form aspect, the total volume of urban water supply and the leakage rate of pipeline networks play important roles in energy consumption of urban WSSs in China. In this study, the specific electricity consumption in WSSs was quantified, and several factors affected by city features which show strong correlation with energy use were determined. The results are of great significance to the energy saving in water supply systems in urban areas.
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| 9. |
- Li, Y., et al.
(författare)
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A life cycle analysis techno-economic assessment framework for evaluating future technology pathways – The residential air-conditioning example
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clarity on cost and environmental benefits of individual technologies evaluated in a systemic and systematic manner is necessary in communicating the results at the policy level so as to enable effective decisions. Yet, the highly complex nature of many energy modelling tools makes it difficult for non-specialists to interpret and make sense of their results. An integrated life cycle analysis and techno-economic assessment framework is proposed in this study, as a first step towards developing an alternative and potentially more intuitive energy systems modelling tool. The residential air-conditioning sector in the Southeast Asian context is used as an example to demonstrate the advantages of the modelling methodology in profiling future technology pathways. The use of best available R32 technology can lead to cumulative savings of 2195 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions in the region by 2050; while the best available R407C technology has an average cost of $40.85 per tonne of greenhouse gas abatement. In addition, our modelling tool is capable of profiling energy outlooks for emerging economies and will be further integrated with hourly energy analysis frameworks in the next steps of development.
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| 10. |
- Li, Y., et al.
(författare)
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The impact of dual-credit scheme on the development of the new energy vehicle industry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 4311-4317
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to further promote the development of the new energy vehicle industry, Parallel Management regulation for corporate average fuel consumption and new energy vehicle credits for passenger vehicles (dual-credit scheme) have been proposed by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in September 2017. This study attempted to investigate the impact of dual-credit scheme on the penetration of new energy vehicles and the short-term strategies of the automotive industry. For this purpose, a market analysis model is proposed based on game theory and the credit market equilibrium to quantify the effects of the credit trading mechanism. Four categories of automakers are considered. The obtained results show that: (i) The dual-credit scheme is indeed an effective policy solution that enables the expansion of the volume of NEV market. (ii) The dual-credit scheme can accelerate the elimination of outdated technologies with lower driving mileage, and it can also promote the adoption of technologies with longer driving mileage. (iii) The dual-credit scheme allows all automakers to achieve their targets in a market efficient manner.
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