| 1. |
- Abé, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Brain structure and clinical profile point to neurodevelopmental factors involved in pedophilic disorder
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 143:4, s. 363-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Pedophilic disorder (PD) is characterized bypersistent, intense sexual attraction to prepubertal children that the individual has acted on, or causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. Although prior research suggests that PD has neurodevelopmental underpinnings, the evidence remains sparse. To aid the understanding of etiology and treatment development, we quantified neurobiological and clinical correlates of PD.Method: We compared 55 self-referred, help-seeking, non-forensic male patients with DSM-5 PD with 57 age-matched, healthy male controls (HC) on clinical, neuropsychological, and structural brain imaging measures (cortical thickness and surface area, subcortical and white matter volumes). Structural brain measures were related to markers for aberrant neurodevelopment including IQ, and the 2nd to 4th digit ratio (2D:4D).Results: PD was associated with psychiatric disorder comorbidity and ADHD and autism spectrum disorder symptoms. PD patients had lower total IQ than HC. PD individuals exhibited cortical surface area abnormalities in regions belonging to the brain's default mode network and showed abnormal volume of white matter underlying those regions. PD subjects had smaller hippocampi and nuclei accumbens than HC. Findings were not related to history of child-related sexual offending. IQ correlated negatively with global expression of PD-related brain features and 2D:4D correlated with surface area in PD.Conclusions: In the largest single-center study to date, we delineate psychiatric comorbidity, neurobiological and cognitive correlates of PD. Our morphometric findings, their associations with markers of aberrant neurodevelopment, and psychiatric comorbidities suggest that neurodevelopmental mechanisms are involved in PD. The findings may need consideration in future development of clinical management of PD patients.
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| 2. |
- Abé, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal Cortical Thickness Changes in Bipolar Disorder and the Relationship to Genetic Risk, Mania, and Lithium Use.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biological psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2402 .- 0006-3223. ; 87:3, s. 271-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder characterized by episodes of manic and depressed mood states and associated with cortical brain abnormalities. Although the course of BD is often progressive, longitudinal brain imaging studies are scarce. It remains unknown whether brain abnormalities are static traits of BD or result from pathological changes over time. Moreover, the genetic effect on implicated brain regions remains unknown.Patients with BD and healthy control (HC) subjects underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging at baseline (123 patients, 83 HC subjects) and after 6 years (90 patients, 61 HC subjects). Cortical thickness maps were generated using FreeSurfer. Using linear mixed effects models, we compared longitudinal changes in cortical thickness between patients with BD and HC subjects across the whole brain. We related our findings to genetic risk for BD and tested for effects of demographic and clinical variables.Patients showed abnormal cortical thinning of temporal cortices and thickness increases in visual/somatosensory brain areas. Thickness increases were related to genetic risk and lithium use. Patients who experienced hypomanic or manic episodes between time points showed abnormal thinning in inferior frontal cortices. Cortical changes did not differ between diagnostic BD subtypes I and II.In the largest longitudinal BD study to date, we detected abnormal cortical changes with high anatomical resolution. We delineated regional effects of clinical symptoms, genetic factors, and medication that may explain progressive brain changes in BD. Our study yields important insights into disease mechanisms and suggests that neuroprogression plays a role in BD.
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| 3. |
- Abé, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal Structural Brain Changes in Bipolar Disorder: A Multicenter Neuroimaging Study of 1232 Individuals by the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biological psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2402 .- 0006-3223. ; 91:6, s. 582-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities. It is unclear whether such alterations progressively change over time, and how this is related to the number of mood episodes. To address this question, we analyzed a large and diverse international sample with longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data to examine structural brain changes over time in BD.Longitudinal structural MRI and clinical data from the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) BD Working Group, including 307 patients with BD and 925 healthy control subjects, were collected from 14 sites worldwide. Male and female participants, aged 40 ± 17 years, underwent MRI at 2 time points. Cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volumes were estimated using FreeSurfer. Annualized change rates for each imaging phenotype were compared between patients with BD and healthy control subjects. Within patients, we related brain change rates to the number of mood episodes between time points and tested for effects of demographic and clinical variables.Compared with healthy control subjects, patients with BD showed faster enlargement of ventricular volumes and slower thinning of the fusiform and parahippocampal cortex (0.18
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| 4. |
- Abé, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Reply to: Tripping Over the Same Stone.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biological psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2402 .- 0006-3223. ; 88:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Independent component analysis of rsfMRI data in pedophilic disorder: A Swedish case control study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annual Meeting ISMRM (International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifty percent of all child sexual abuse (CSA) perpetrators are individuals with pedophilic disorder. The neural underpinnings of pedophilic disorder are unknown. We conducted a case-control study aiming to investigate functional connectivity alterations using independent component analysis on resting state fMRI data in search of biomarkers that can be used for preventing CSA. The results suggest there are functional connectivity alterations in several resting state networks in individuals with pedophilic disorder.
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| 6. |
- Klahn, Luisa, et al.
(författare)
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Functional connectivity alterations of the somatomotor network in euthymic bipolar disorder
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Applied. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While individuals with bipolar disorder are assumed to recover between mood episodes, some nevertheless experience lingering subsyndromal symptoms and suffer from cognitive and functional impairments. Here, we propose that these enduring impairments may be linked to aberrations in brain networks. To test this, we conducted a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study and used network-based statistic to compare functional connectivity between euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder (N = 96) and healthy control individuals (N = 61) both within and between resting-state networks. We also investigated the association of functional connectivity with lingering psychomotor symptoms and illness severity in bipolar disorder. We found stronger functional connectivity between the somatomotor network and the frontoparietal network in individuals with bipolar disorder compared with healthy controls, but weaker functional connectivity within the somatomotor network as well as between the somatomotor and the visual network. Results remained after adjusting for antipsychotic medication. No significant association with psychomotor performance and illness severity was found. We conclude that stronger functional connectivity between the somatomotor and frontoparietal network might be associated with lingering symptoms in bipolar euthymia. Dysconnectivity within the somatomotor network might relate to psychomotor symptoms beyond the impact of medication. Our findings contribute to the sparse field of somatomotor network aberrancies in bipolar disorder and may present a potential target for brain stimulation treatment.
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| 7. |
- Liberg, Benny, et al.
(författare)
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Motor imagery in bipolar depression with slowed movement.
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of nervous and mental disease. - 1539-736X. ; 201:10, s. 885-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesized that motor retardation in bipolar depression is mediated by disruption of the pre-executive stages of motor production. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural activity during motor imagery and motor execution to elucidate whether brain regions that mediate planning, preparation, and control of movement are activated differently in subjects with bipolar depression (n = 9) compared with healthy controls (n = 12). We found significant between-group differences. During motor imagery, the patients activated the posterior medial parietal cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, the premotor cortex, the prefrontal cortex, and the frontal poles more than the controls did. Activation in the brain areas involved in motor selection, planning, and preparation was altered. In addition, limbic and prefrontal regions associated with self-reference and the default mode network were altered during motor imagery in bipolar depression with motor retardation.
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| 8. |
- Liberg, Benny, et al.
(författare)
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Neural and behavioral correlates of sexual stimuli anticipation point to addiction-like mechanisms in compulsive sexual behavior disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Addictions. - : Akademiai Kiado. - 2062-5871 .- 2063-5303. ; 11:2, s. 520-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is characterized by persistent patterns of failure to control sexual impulses resulting in repetitive sexual behavior, pursued despite adverse consequences. Despite previous indications of addiction-like mechanisms and the recent impulse-control disorder classification in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), the neurobiological processes underlying CSBD are unknown.Methods: We designed and applied a behavioral paradigm aimed at disentangling processes related to anticipation and viewing of erotic stimuli. In 22 male CSBD patients (age: M = 38.7, SD = 11.7) and 20 healthy male controls (HC, age: M = 37.6, SD = 8.5), we measured behavioral responses and neural activity during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The main outcomes were response time differences between erotic and non-erotic trials and ventral striatum (VS) activity during anticipation of visual stimuli. We related these outcomes with each other, to CSBD diagnosis, and symptom severity.Results: We found robust case-control differences on behavioral level, where CSBD patients showed larger response time differences between erotic and non-erotic trials than HC. The task induced reliable main activations within each group. While we did not observe significant group differences in VS activity, VS activity during anticipation correlated with response time differences and self-ratings for anticipation of erotic stimuli.Discussion and Conclusions: Our results support the validity and applicability of the developed task and suggest that CSBD is associated with altered behavioral correlates of anticipation, which were associated with ventral striatum activity during anticipation of erotic stimuli. This supports the idea that addiction-like mechanisms play a role in CSBD.
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| 9. |
- Liberg, Benny
(författare)
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Psychomotor disturbances in bipolar disorder : investigations using structural and functional neuroimaging
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Psychomotor disturbances in bipolar disorder are an expression of alterations in volition, cognition, emotion and motor control. While psychomotor disturbances remain a classic hallmark of severe mood disorders, there is limited knowledge about its mediators and neural correlates. The general aim of this thesis was to obtain a better understanding of psychomotor disturbances in bipolar disorder. Our specific objectives were to investigate whether symptoms of psychomotor disturbances in bipolar depression relate to neural activation in frontal-striatal networks that mediate motor function, whether there is a differential activation within these frontal-striatal motor networks between depressed patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls, and whether morphometric changes in the basal ganglia and thalamus are associated with clinical variables in euthymic bipolar disorder that may predict impairments in psychomotor function. In paper I, we validated a self rating scale with respect to established observer rating scales. In a post-hoc analysis we found a psychomotor factor that we investigated further with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in paper II and III. In paper II, we investigated motor execution in patients with bipolar depression. We used task based fMRI to investigate whether self paced finger tapping would reveal any differences in neural activation between groups, and whether neural activation at different levels in the frontal-striatal motor loop is predicted by the functional deafferentiation theory-framework used to explain slowed movement in Parkinson’s disease. We could not confirm our hypotheses. In paper III, we investigated different parts of the production of voluntary movement using fMRI and a motor imagery task. We found significant between-group differences in medial parieto-occipital regions during motor imagery and all other tasks, and in cortical motor areas during motor execution. We also found decreased activations in motor regions when there was an increase in psychomotor disturbances. In paper IV, we investigated whether tests of psychomotor function were associated with morphometric change in the basal ganglia or thalamus. We could not confirm our hypothesis. However, we found significant between-group differences in the shape of the right putamen in the absence of impaired psychomotor function. Shape differences were located in regions connected to frontal executive regions and motor areas. In paper V, we investigated morphometric differences in a subgroup of bipolar disorder characterized by greater impairment of psychomotor function in their euthymic phase. We also investigated clinical variables associated with disease expressions, and the effect of antipsychotic treatment, on morphometric change. We found that antipsychotic medication, the number of manic episodes and duration of illness were associated with local shape changes in the basal ganglia. In summary, we found that psychomotor disturbances may be considered both a symptom and a sign, and that the neural signature of these appear to involve both structural and functional alterations in brain regions of frontal-striatal networks.
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| 10. |
- McWhinney, Sean R, et al.
(författare)
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Association between body mass index and subcortical brain volumes in bipolar disorders-ENIGMA study in 2735 individuals.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5578 .- 1359-4184. ; 26:11, s. 6806-6819
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently suffer from obesity, which is often associated with neurostructural alterations. Yet, the effects of obesity on brain structure in BD are under-researched. We obtained MRI-derived brain subcortical volumes and body mass index (BMI) from 1134 BD and 1601 control individuals from 17 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the effects of BD and BMI on subcortical volumes using mixed-effects modeling and tested for mediation of group differences by obesity using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models controlled for age, sex, hemisphere, total intracranial volume, and data collection site. Relative to controls, individuals with BD had significantly higher BMI, larger lateral ventricular volume, and smaller volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus. BMI was positively associated with ventricular and amygdala and negatively with pallidal volumes. When analyzed jointly, both BD and BMI remained associated with volumes of lateral ventricles and amygdala. Adjusting for BMI decreased the BD vs control differences in ventricular volume. Specifically, 18.41% of the association between BD and ventricular volume was mediated by BMI (Z = 2.73, p = 0.006). BMI was associated with similar regional brain volumes as BD, including lateral ventricles, amygdala, and pallidum. Higher BMI may in part account for larger ventricles, one of the most replicated findings in BD. Comorbidity with obesity could explain why neurostructural alterations are more pronounced in some individuals with BD. Future prospective brain imaging studies should investigate whether obesity could be a modifiable risk factor for neuroprogression.
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