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- af Geijerstam, Åsa, docent, 1972-
(författare)
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Att skriva i naturorienterande ämnen i skolan
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When children encounter new subjects in school, they are also faced with new ways of using language. Learning science thus means learning the language of science, and writing is one of the ways this is accomplished. The present study investigates writing in natural sciences in grades 5 and 8 in Swedish schools. Major theoretical influences for these investigations are found within the socio-cultural, dialogical and social semiotic perspectives on language use.The study is based on texts written by 97 students, interviews around these texts and observations from 16 different classroom practices. Writing is seen as a situated practice; therefore analysis is carried out of the activities surrounding the texts. The student texts are analysed in terms of genre and in relation to their abstraction, density and use of expansions. This analysis shows among other things that the texts show increasing abstraction and density with increasing age, whereas the text structure and the use of expansions do not increase.It is also argued that a central point in school writing must be the students’ way of talking about their texts. Analysis of interviews with the students is thus carried out in terms of text movability. The results from this analysis indicate that students find it difficult to talk about their texts. They find it hard to express the main content of the text, as well as to discuss it’s function and potential readers.Previous studies argue that writing constitutes a potential for learning. In the material studied in this thesis, this potential learning tool is not used to any large extent. To be able to participate in natural sciences in higher levels, students need to take part in practices where the specialized language of natural science is used in writing as well as in speech.
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| 3. |
- af Geijerstam, Åsa, docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Linguistically based scales for assessment of young students’ writing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Writing & Pedagogy. - : Equinox Publishing. - 1756-5839 .- 1756-5847. ; 13:1-3, s. 227-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses the question of how different aspects of students’ writing achievement can be recognised and evaluated. We developed a linguistically based framework for criteria-based assessment, anchored in a functional view of language and language learning. The framework was used to determine what traits characterise texts at different Proficiency Groups based on comparative judgement and what traits characterise texts assessed differently. Altogether, 100 texts (written by students ages 6–9) representing four text genres were assessed and ranked using both comparative judgement (holistic assessment) and criteria-based analysis. The results indicate that texts generally are assessed as stronger (i.e., placed in a higher Proficiency Group) when comparative judgement is used than what the assessment of a specific language resource indicates. The results also indicate that assessment differences might be a result of different quality expectations for different genres. This points towards the need for genre- and subject-specific assessment criteria to scaffold students in their emergent disciplinary writing development.
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| 4. |
- Alatalo, Tarja, et al.
(författare)
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Läsning och motivation i årskurs 6 och 9: elevers syn på läspraktiker i och utanför skolan.
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Läsförmågan hos elever i den svenska grundskolan är långt under vad den var 20 år sedan, samtidigt som fritidsläsandet fortsätter att minska. Skolan har därför ett viktigt kompensatoriskt uppdrag då vi vet att det krävs rikligt med läsning för att bli en god läsare (Kuhn & Stahl, 2003). Elever behöver också läsa olika typer av texter för att utveckla ordförrådet inom olika ämnen (Biemiller, 2001). Dessutom måste elever kunna läsa längre texter för att utveckla kunskap genom läsning (Topping et al., 2007; Merisuo-Storm & Soininen, 2014). Forskning visar också att längden läsning i skolan och på fritiden korrelerar positivt med läsförmågan (Taylor et al., 1990). Studien utgår från självbestämmandeteorin (SDT) vilken betonar att typen av motivation är viktigare än mängden motivation (Ryan & Deci, 2000). Ju mer autonomt reglerad elevers motivation är, desto bättre är förutsättningarna för att de ska vilja läser mer. Forskning har visat på ett rekursivt samband mellan autonom motivation och synen på den egna läsförmågan (Guthrie & Wigfield, 2000). Syftet är att visa på relationen mellan hur mycket eleverna läser och deras motivation till läsning, attityd till läsning och synen på den egna läsförmågan. Följande frågor är i fokus: Hur många sidor sammanhängande text läser elever i årskurs 6 och 9 i svenska, engelska, historia och kemi under en dag i skolan? Vad är elevernas generella attityd till läsning? Vilken motivation uttrycker elever för läsning av skönlitteratur och sakprosa i skolan? Hur ser eleverna på sin egen läsförmåga och skolans såväl som sina egna läspraktiker? Analyserna bygger på data från 3408 webbaserade elevenkäter från 144 grundskolor i 18 kommuner. Dessutom genomfördes 194 strukturerade elevintervjuer i sex klasser valda utifrån grad av motivation och mängden skolrelaterad läsning. Resultatet visar att elever i årskurs 6 läser mer i skolan än elever i årskurs 9 och att elever i årskurs 6 visar en högre grad av inre motivation än elever i årskurs 9. Elever i årskurs 6 har också en mer positiv attityd till läsning av såväl skönlitterär som sakprosatext än elever i årskurs 9. Analyser pågår gällande relationen mellan hur mycket eleverna läser och deras motivation till läsning i de olika ämnena. Preliminära resultat pekar mot att det finns en potential i elevernas förhållande till läsning som skolan skulle kunna ta tillvara i än högre grad. Studiens storskaliga ansats med både kvantitativa och kvalitativa data bidrar med ny kunskap om skolans läspraktiker och hur dessa förhåller sig till elevers motivation att läsa.
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| 6. |
- Berglund, Jenny, 1968-
(författare)
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Teaching Islam : Islamic Religious Education at Three Muslim Schools in Sweden
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study concerns the formulation of Islamic religious education (IRE) at three Swedish Muslim schools which offered IRE as an extra curricular subject, one to three hours per week. The study contributes to the understanding of how IRE is formed as a confessional school subject within the framework and under the jurisdiction of the Swedish school system. The meaning of the studied IRE was construed as a way of building connectedness between pupils to both the common Islamic tradition and the Swedish society, but also highlighting and establishing connections between these two entities. The primary finding is that it is inaccurate to speak about IRE in homogeneous terms since the content varies distinctively between different schools. In addition, it has been found that the educational questions considered by the involved teachers are similar to those considered by many other types of teachers. Although classroom observations and teacher interviews showed that the general content of all three IRE classrooms included the teaching of the Quran, Islamic history through religious narratives and song, specific content variations were evident. Differences concerned approaches to the teaching of the Quran, ways of using religious narratives and genre of songs. Therefore pupils in each school received somewhat different answers to local and global questions that were raised in the classrooms, indicating somewhat different interpretations of Islam. These differences suggest that the depiction of IRE as a transmission of Islam to the younger generation is not accurate since it leads to the impression that religions are insulated entities that are capable of being passed from one generation to the next without any change taking place. Instead this study shows that the teachers translate the content of IRE according to their perception of what is vital for their pupils to know and suitable for them to comprehend since they constantly choose content and negote its meaning.
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| 7. |
- Bergvall, Ida, 1975-
(författare)
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Bokstavligt, bildligt och symboliskt i skolans matematik : – en studie om ämnesspråk i TIMSS
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis is to deepen the understanding of mathematical subject language regarding three semiotic resources, written language, images and mathematical symbols. The theses also investigates high- and low-performingstudents encounter with mathematical subject language.Based on previous research on language and from a theoretical foundation based on systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and social semiotics, four meaning dimensions – packing, precision, personification and presentation – were identified as central in academic language in general and in mathematical subject language. A didactically based reception theoretical perspective has been used for an analysis of high and low achieving students' encounter with the mathematical subject language.The thesis comprises three studies each examining the mathematical subject language in TIMSS 2011 from various angles. The analyzes were conducted on four content areas algebra, statistics, geometry and arithmetic in the Swedish version of the international study Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2011 (TIMSS).In a summary, the results showed that the mathematical subject language was used in different ways in the four content areas in TIMSS where colloquial and subject-specific forms of languages had different roles and were expressed in varying degrees by the written language, images and mathematical symbols. Thus each content area was expressed by its own register which means that is not sufficient to talk about mathematical subject language as one single language.The result shows that two forms of language, subject specific and everyday language were used parallel in the TIMSS material. The subject specific forms were most salient in algebra and geometry and the more everyday forms of language were more common in statistics and arithmetic.The results from the correlation analyses indicated that fewer students managed the encounter with tasks in algebra and geometry when they were expressed by subject specific language. In contrast, the results indicated that students were able handle the encounter with the more colloquial expressions of the content areas statistics and arithmetic.
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| 10. |
- Björklund, Elisabeth, 1945-
(författare)
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Att erövra litteracitet : Små barns kommunikativa möten med berättande, bilder, text och tecken i förskolan
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is based on an ethnographic field study among a group of monolingual children from one and a half to three years old at a pre-school in a Swedish village. The primary aim of the study has been to gain knowledge about how young children conquer and express literacy in their everyday lives. One assumption was that children are active and competent in their search for meaning when dealing with texts, signs and images. A second aim has been to investigate whether children’s literacy could have an impact on the social and cultural context of pre-school.Research questions addressed in the study focus on children’s participation in literacy events and their actions in literacy practice. An additional question was whether children were contributing to literacy practice when interacting with other children in the group.The theoretical framework draws upon socio-cultural theory. The empirical material consists of video recordings and the focus of observation has been on children’s actions related to literacy, expressed as early literacy, including reading and writing as well as telling and retelling narratives, singing and other verbal and non verbal communication. In children’s literacy events and literacy practice the specific context was of central interest. All the material collected has been transcribed and transferred into text and constitutes the basis for analyzing what children are performing in actual events and practices. The guiding principle for description was at first to give a close reproduction of children’s verbal utterances and their acting linked to the concept of early literacy. Secondly, the aim was to describe and analyze whether the utterances and actions could be linked to the specific social and cultural context.The analysed material demonstrates how children participate and interact with each other while engaged in literacy and the material also displays the content of their communication. Two different kinds of literacy appear: one is narrative tellings and the other is reading and drawing/writing. A deeper analysis shows that children are building knowledge of telling and also creating a specific manifesto of literacy. The children also underline what they are doing through verbal expressions where they defined themselves as both readers and writers.The result gives a contribution to new knowledge and an understanding of early literacy among very young children as something they have created in pre-school as a social and cultural environment. Literacy in the studied group of children uncovers many more expressions, including several actions with regard to written material, than we usally relate to the youngest children in pre-school.
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