| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Wang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
-
Tracing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the aquatic environment : Target analysis and beyond
- 2023
-
Ingår i: TrAC. Trends in analytical chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0165-9936 .- 1879-3142. ; 169
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been manufactured and used for decades. The aquatic envi-ronment is a critical transportation and transformation compartment for PFASs. Target analysis is the most used method of tracing PFASs in the aquatic environment but is powerless for the large amounts of unknown PFASs. This review summarizes the advantages of three target analysis supplementary approaches, including extractable organofluorine (EOF) analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) screening, and PFAS precursor oxidative conversion. For known PFASs, more targets, including emerging PFASs, PFAS isomers, ultrashort-chain PFASs, and cationic/zwitterionic PFASs, should be considered. For unknown PFASs and organofluorines, developing comprehensive and low-contaminated sample treatment strategies is essential yet challenging. We propose including PFASs screened via HRMS at confidence level (CL) 3 and above in EOF mass balance analysis and CL 4 for samples collected from a "known source". Appropriate approaches should be applied to investigate unknown PFASs beyond target analysis comprehensively.
|
|
| 3. |
- Blattner, Mirjam, et al.
(författare)
-
SPOP Mutations in Prostate Cancer across Demographically Diverse Patient Cohorts
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Neoplasia. - New York : Elsevier. - 1522-8002 .- 1476-5586. ; 16:1, s. 14-U34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Recurrent mutations in the Speckle-Type POZ Protein (SPOP) gene occur in up to 15% of prostate cancers. However, the frequency and features of cancers with these mutations across different populations is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To investigate SPOP mutations across diverse cohorts and validate a series of assays employing high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis and Sanger sequencing for mutational analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: 720 prostate cancer samples from six international cohorts spanning Caucasian, African American, and Asian patients, including both prostate-specific antigen-screened and unscreened populations, were screened for their SPOP mutation status. Status of SPOP was correlated to molecular features (ERG rearrangement, PTEN deletion, and CHD1 deletion) as well as clinical and pathologic features.RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Overall frequency of SPOP mutations was 8.1% (4.6% to 14.4%), SPOP mutation was inversely associated with ERG rearrangement (P < .01), and SPOP mutant (SPOPmut) cancers had higher rates of CHD1 deletions (P < .01). There were no significant differences in biochemical recurrence in SPOPmut cancers. Limitations of this study include missing mutational data due to sample quality and lack of power to identify a difference in clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION: SPOP is mutated in 4.6% to 14.4% of patients with prostate cancer across different ethnic and demographic backgrounds. There was no significant association between SPOP mutations with ethnicity, clinical, or pathologic parameters. Mutual exclusivity of SPOP mutation with ERG rearrangement as well as a high association with CHD1 deletion reinforces SPOP mutation as defining a distinct molecular subclass of prostate cancer.
|
|
| 4. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of silver nanoparticles on human cells : effect of particle size
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - New York : Informa Healthcare. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 4:3, s. 319-330
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work investigated the cytotoxicities of three silver nanoparticles (SNPs) SNP-5, SNP-20 and SNP-50 with different sizes ( approximately 5 nm, approximately 20 nm and approximately 50 nm) using four human cell models (A549, SGC-7901, HepG2 and MCF-7). Endpoints included cell morphology, cell viability, cellular membrane integrity, oxidative stress and cell cycle progression. Observable deleterious effects on the cell morphologies and membrane integrity were induced by SNP-5 and SNP-20. SNPs elevated the ROS levels in cells and arrested the cells at S phase. Apoptosis occurred for 4-9% of the exposed cells. All these cellular responses as well as EC50 values were found to be size-dependent for the tested SNPs. Ultrastructural observations confirmed the presence of SNPs inside cells. Elemental analysis of silver in cells by ICP-MS showed that smaller nanoparticles enter cells more easily than larger ones, which may be the cause of higher toxic effects. The findings may assist in the design of SNP applications and provide insights into their toxicity.
|
|
| 5. |
- Pan, Yitao, et al.
(författare)
-
Novel Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonates and Legacy Per-/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances : Placental Transfer and Relationship with Serum Albumin and Glomerular Filtration Rate
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - Dordrecht, Neteherlands : Springer Netherlands. - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 51:1, s. 634-644
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may cross the placental barrier and lead to fetal exposure. However, little is known about the factors that influence maternal-fetal transfer of these chemicals. PFAS concentrations were analyzed in 100 paired samples of human maternal sera collected in each trimester and cord sera at delivery; these samples were collected in Wuhan, China, 2014. Linear regression was used to estimate associations of transfer efficiencies with factors. Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates (Cl-PFAESs, 6:2 and 8:2) were frequently detected (>99%) in maternal and cord sera. A significant decline in PFAS levels during the three trimesters was observed. A U-shape trend for transfer efficiency with increasing chain length was observed for both carboxylates and sulfonates. Higher transfer efficiencies of PFASs were associated with advancing maternal age, higher education, and lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Cord serum albumin was a positive factors for higher transfer efficiency (increased 1.1-4.1% per 1g/L albumin), whereas maternal serum albumin tended to reduce transfer efficiency (decreased 2.4-4.3% per 1g/L albumin). Our results suggest that exposure to Cl-PFAESs may be widespread in China. The transfer efficiencies among different PFASs were structure-dependent. Physiological factors (e.g., GFR and serum albumin) were observed for the first time to play critical roles in PFAS placental transfer.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Taniyasu, Sachi, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality assurance and quality control of solid phase extraction for PFAS in water and novel analytical techniques for PFAS analysis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An inter-laboratory trial (ILT) has been performed to validate ISO 21675 method for the measurement of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water samples using solid phase extraction method and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of twenty-seven laboratories from eleven countries (Belgium: 1, Canada: 2, China: 2, France: 1, Germany: 3, Italy: 2, Japan: 6, Netherlands: 2, South Korea: 1, Sweden: 4, and USA: 3) participated in the ILT. Results of the homogeneity of ILT water samples showed that the repeatability tended to increase from short-chain to long-chain of PFAS. Results of stability of PFAS in Milli-Q water stored at 5 ± 3 °C ranged from 75% to 121% including those ultra-short-chain compounds, except for N-MeFOSA (44%), N-EtFOSA (44%), and 8:2 FTOH (30%) at 168 days. As for stability of PFAS in environmental waters, they were in acceptable range (between 70 and 125%) for most of PFAS, except for 8:2 FTUCA in the river water, seawater, and wastewater, and 8:2 FTSA and 8:2 FTOH in wastewater. Based on the performance data (reproducibility (CVR): <40%, recoveries (η): 70-125%) of the ILT, current ISO 21675 is validated for up to 30 PFAS depending on water type. Novel analytical techniques namely "In-Situ Solid Phase Extraction" and the "Purge and Trap Extraction" were developed and explored to measure volatile PFAS. Preliminary results showed acceptable recoveries for volatile PFAS such as fluorotelomer alcohols and iodides in spiked MilliQ water.
|
|
