| 1. |
- Chapot, Lorraine, et al.
(författare)
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A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding Knowledge of Mosquito-Borne Infections and Barriers for Protection in Hanoi, Vietnam
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. - : MDPI. - 2414-6366. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dengue is a growing problem in Hanoi, with cyclical epidemics of increasing frequency and magnitude. In June 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using mixed methods to investigate how inhabitants of Hanoi perceive and respond to the risk of mosquito-borne diseases (MBD). A total of 117 participants recruited using a stratified random sampling method were interviewed in three districts of Hanoi. Knowledge and practices (KP) regarding MBDs were assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire. Inferential statistics were used to identify factors associated with KP scores and describe the relationship between variables. Additionally, a "risk-mapping" exercise was conducted in a subsample through semi-structured interviews and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the System Effects platform. Factors significantly associated with knowledge scores were education and family history of MBDs. While knowledge and practice scores were found to be positively correlated in the statistical analysis, this was not corroborated by our observations on the field. The results also revealed gaps in knowledge about MBDs and vectors and highlighted a general feeling of powerlessness which prevented the adoption of protective behaviors. Therefore, educational interventions which provide concrete tools to empower communities should have a positive impact on improving vector control.
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| 2. |
- Jakobsen, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Urban livestock-keeping and dengue in urban and peri-urban Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban livestock provides an important source of food and income, but it may increase the risks for disease transmission. Vectors, such as mosquitoes, might increase and thereby cause an enhanced transmission of infectious diseases, such as dengue fever; considered the most important mosquito-borne viral disease globally. This cross-sectional study evaluated the awareness of dengue fever and investigated how the presence of dengue vectors is affected by the keeping of livestock in urban households in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam. From February to March 2018, during the season of lowest occurrence of dengue in Hanoi, 140 households were interviewed, of which 69 kept livestock. A general trend was observed; respondents living in the Dan Phuong district, a peri-urban district, had better knowledge and practice regarding dengue as compared to the urban Ha Dong district. In total, 3899 mosquitoes were collected and identified, of which 52 (1.33%) were Aedes species. A significant difference between the two districts was observed, with more households in Ha Dong having Aedes spp. mosquitoes (p = 0.02) and a higher incidence of dengue fever (p = 0.001). There was no significant association between livestock-rearing and the presence of Aedes spp. mosquitoes (p = 0.955), or between livestock-rearing and the incidence of dengue fever (p = 0.08). In conclusion, this study could not find any indication that households keeping livestock were at higher risk of dengue virus infections in Hanoi during the season of lowest occurrence of dengue, but clearly indicated the need of more information provided to urban inhabitants, particularly on personal protection.
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| 6. |
- Nguyen-Tien, Thang, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge and practice on prevention of mosquito-borne diseases in livestock-keeping and non-livestock-keeping communities in Hanoi city, Vietnam : A mixed-method study
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are causing high morbidity and mortality for humans. Urban livestock keeping is still common in cities around the world. The animals may serve as reservoirs for zoonotic MBDs, which increase the risks for humans. Here we assess the knowledge and practices related to MBDs in households with livestock and without livestock and explore the perceptions of the health care sector about MBDs and livestock keeping in Hanoi city of Vietnam in a cross-sectional study. A quantitative survey was conducted including 513 households with and without livestock-keeping in six districts and complemented with qualitative surveys with four health staff from Hanoi Center of Disease Control and three district health centers. The quantitative survey indicated that the participants possessed basic knowledge on MBDs with an average score of 18.3 out of 35, of which non-livestock-keeping households had a better knowledge than households keeping livestock (p<0.05). Both household categories had low score, 3.5 out of 11, regarding preventive practices against MBDs. The negative binomial model showed that occupation and location of living were factors associated to the knowledge on MBDs. Farmers were likely to have better preventive practices as compared to office workers (p<0.05). Those who had better knowledge also had more adequate preventive practices against MBDs (p<0.001). The qualitative survey revealed that livestock keeping was determined as increasing risks of MBDs due to the increase of mosquito population. It is recommended that community campaigns to raise the awareness and change behavior on MBDs should be organized based on collaboration between the health sector and the veterinary sector for households with and without livestock living in central urban and peri-urban areas. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between urban livestock keeping and potential increasing risks of MBDs such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis.
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| 7. |
- Nguyen-Tien, Thang, et al.
(författare)
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The Distribution and Composition of Vector Abundance in Hanoi City, Vietnam : Association with Livestock Keeping and Flavivirus Detection
- 2021
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI. - 1999-4915. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus are two common flaviviruses that are spread widely by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Livestock keeping is vital for cities; however, it can pose the risk of increasing the mosquito population. Our study explored how livestock keeping in and around a large city is associated with the presence of mosquitoes and the risk of them spreading flaviviruses.Methods: An entomological study was conducted in 6 districts with 233 households with livestock, and 280 households without livestock, in Hanoi city. BG-Sentinel traps and CDC light traps were used to collect mosquitoes close to animal farms and human habitats. Adult mosquitoes were counted, identified to species level, and grouped into 385 pools, which were screened for flaviviruses using a pan-flavivirus qPCR protocol and sequencing.Results: A total of 12,861 adult mosquitoes were collected at the 513 households, with 5 different genera collected, of which the Culex genus was the most abundant. Our study found that there was a positive association between livestock keeping and the size of the mosquito population-most predominantly between pig rearing and Culex species (p < 0.001). One pool of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, collected in a peri-urban district, was found to be positive for Japanese encephalitis virus.Conclusions: The risk of flavivirus transmission in urban areas of Hanoi city due to the spread of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes could be facilitated by livestock keeping.
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| 8. |
- Pham-Thanh, Long, et al.
(författare)
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Dogs as Sentinels for Flavivirus Exposure in Urban, Peri-Urban and Rural Hanoi, Vietnam
- 2021
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI. - 1999-4915. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diseases caused by flaviviruses, including dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis, are major health problems in Vietnam. This cross-sectional study explored the feasibility of domestic dogs as sentinels to better understand risks of mosquito-borne diseases in Hanoi city. A total of 475 dogs serum samples from 221 households in six districts of Hanoi were analyzed by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for antibodies to the pr-E protein of West Nile virus and other flaviviruses due to cross-reactivity. The overall flavivirus seroprevalence in the dog population was 70.7% (95% CI = 66.4-74.8%). At the animal level, significant associations between seropositive dogs and district location, age, breed and keeping practice were determined. At the household level, the major risk factors were rural and peri-urban locations, presence of pigs, coil burning and households without mosquito-borne disease experience (p < 0.05). Mosquito control by using larvicides or electric traps could lower seropositivity, but other measures did not contribute to significant risk mitigation of flavivirus exposure in dogs. These results will support better control of mosquito-borne diseases in Hanoi, and they indicate that dogs can be used as sentinels for flavivirus exposure.
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| 9. |
- Pham-Thanh, Long, et al.
(författare)
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Livestock Development in Hanoi City, Vietnam-Challenges and Policies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2297-1769. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid urban growth of Hanoi city requires a livestock production system that ensures both food security and the livelihoods of dwellers. This paper reviews the existing policies for livestock production of Hanoi city and the changes in livestock population between 2014 and 2018 and identifies major challenges for livestock development of the city. While a remarkable increase of the livestock population in recent years is evident, the dominance of small-scale farms, the presence of animal diseases, the slow progress of transiting farms out of urban areas, as well as the lack of analysis of climate change and gender impacts are major challenges that could affect the livestock development of Hanoi.
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| 10. |
- Pham-Thanh, Long, 1975-
(författare)
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The influence of urban livestock-keeping on the epidemiology of mosquito-borne zoonotic flaviviruses in Hanoi city of Vietnam
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In rapid urbanizing cities, the high density of livestock populations in close vicinity to humans, and high mosquito vector abundance have provided suitable conditions for transmission of mosquito-borne zoonotic flaviviruses, that cause several million cases of human disease annually. This thesis explores the urban livestock-keeping in Hanoi and its potential influence on the epidemiology of flavivirus infections. Four major components were investigated: livestock development of the city, knowledge and practices of local people on mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs), mosquito vector abundance, and risk factors for flavivirus exposure in animals.The analyses of the livestock development policy, animal data and key informant interviews showed that the livestock production system of Hanoi had increased in line with the governmental policy during 2014 to 2018. However, some major challenges were identified such as the high proportion of small-scale livestock farms, animal diseases, and a slow progress of translocation of livestock farms out of the urban areas.A cross-sectional study was conducted in 513 households in six districts of Hanoi (two urban, two peripheral, and two peri-urban). Knowledge and practices were evaluated; mosquitoes and larvae inside and outside the houses were collected and identified; blood samples of pigs and dogs were tested by a West Nile virus competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), a kit that allowed for detection of antibodies against several flaviviruses of different animal species. JEV-specific antibodies were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Logistic regression models using seropositivity of households as the outcome were built to identify significant risk factors.A low level of knowledge and preventive practices against zoonotic MBDs in community was indicated in the study. Among 12,861 adult mosquitoes and 2,427 larvae collected, Culex mosquitoes were the most abundant (93.01%), followed by Anopheles (3.82%), Mansonia (1.21%), Armigeres (1.18%) and Aedes mosquitoes (0.78%). In contrast, Aedes genus larvae were prominent at 87.02%, followed by Culex spp. (12.2%). There was a positive association between pig-keeping and Culex mosquitoes (p<0.001). In total, 475 dogs and 636 pigs were tested by a cELISA. The overall flavivirus seroprevalences in dogs and pigs were 70.7% and 88.5%, respectively. The PRNT results for a subset of 50 dog sera (34 positive, 6 doubtful and 10 negative samples by cELISA), and 50 pig sera (26 positive, 6 doubtful and 18 negative samples by cELISA) showed a lower proportion of JEV-specific antibodies (28 positives for dog samples, and 13 positives for pig samples). In conclusion, this thesis shows associations between livestock-keeping and risks of mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus infections to humans in Hanoi.
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