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- Franks, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetics and obesity: the devil is in the details
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Obesity is a complex disease with multiple well-defined risk factors. Nevertheless, susceptibility to obesity and its sequelae within obesogenic environments varies greatly from one person to the next, suggesting a role for gene x environment interactions in the etiology of the disorder. Epigenetic regulation of the human genome provides a putative mechanism by which specific environmental exposures convey risk for obesity and other human diseases and is one possible mechanism that underlies the gene x environment/treatment interactions observed in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. A study published in BMC Medicine this month by Wang et al. reports on an examination of DNA methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes of lean and obese adolescents, comparing methylation patterns between the two groups. The authors identified two genes that were differentially methylated, both of which have roles in immune function. Here we overview the findings from this study in the context of those emerging from other recent genetic and epigenetic studies, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the study and speculate on the future of epigenetics in chronic disease research. See research article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/8/87/abstract
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| 3. |
- Kokosar, Milana, et al.
(författare)
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Erratum: Epigenetic and Transcriptional Alterations in Human Adipose Tissue of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 22883; Published online: 15 March 2016; Updated: 09 May 2016 This Article contains errors. In Table 3, the text in the first row ‘Down-regulated genes’ was incorrectly given as ‘Up-regulated genes’. In addition, Fig. 2E was incorrectly labeled as Fig. 2ES. The correct Fig.
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| 4. |
- Ling, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetic epidemiology and alterations in type 2 diabetes and obesity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Epigenetic epidemiology. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030944759 - 9783030944742 ; , s. 445-474
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ype 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are multifactorial and polygenic metabolic diseases. Combinations of genetic and non-genetic risk factors such as risk SNPs, age, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity increase the risk for these diseases. Emerging data also support a key role for epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of T2D and obesity. In this chapter, we summarize current knowledge of epigenetic alterations found in individuals with T2D and obesity. We present studies performed in blood, as well as human tissues important for metabolism, i.e., adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreatic islets. These studies have found differential DNA methylation associated with both T2D and obesity. Although some studies exist, there is still limited information regarding histone modifications in human tissues linked to metabolic diseases. We finally explore how epigenetic mechanisms may be targeted by epigenetic editing and inhibitors of epigenetic enzymes for future therapies and precision medicine in T2D and obesity.
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| 5. |
- Ling, Charlotte, 1969
(författare)
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Prolactin receptor expression and prolactin-mediated effects in adipose tissue
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of functional prolactin receptors (PRLRs) in white adipose tissue of mice and humans, and the possible functions mediated via PRLRs. In mouse white adipose tissue, three PRLR mRNA isoforms, L-, S2-, and S3-PRLR, and L-PRLR protein expression were detected. In human subcutaneous abdominal and breast adipose tissue, four PRLR mRNA isoforms, L-, I-, S1a- and S1b-PRLR and PRLR proteins were detected. During lactation, mouse adipose tissue L-PRLR mRNA expression increased. Moreover, in the adipose tissue of prolactin (PRL)-transgenic mice with chronically elevated PRL levels, L-PRLR expression was also increased. Elevated serum testosterone increased L-PRLR expression in the adipose tissue of male mice. However, inhibition of progesterone in late gestation increased L-PRLR expression in the mammary gland but not in the adipose tissue. To investigate whether adipocyte PRLRs are functional, mouse adipocytes were cultured in vitro and the direct effects of PRL on suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) expression and leptin secretion were investigated. PRL induced CIS mRNA expression in cultured adipocytes. Furthermore, PRL increased insulin-induced SOCS-3 expression significantly more compared to insulin alone. The insulin-induced leptin secretion was suppressed by PRL. In mouse adipose tissue in vivo, transient PRL stimulation induced SOCS-3, CIS and SOCS-2. In contrast, only SOCS-2 was increased in the adipose tissue after prolonged PRL exposure, as well as during pregnancy and lactation. In female PRL-transgenic mice, the retroperitoneal adipose tissue mass was reduced, serum leptin levels were elevated and adipose tissue resistin expression was unchanged compared to controls. However, resistin expression was increased in untreated male PRL-transgenics. Male PRL-transgenics have elevated serum testosterone and testosterone's role in regulating resistin was therefore studied. Resistin was increased in the adipose tissue of control mice with elevated testosterone, but not in castrated PRL-transgenic males, suggesting a role for testosterone in regulating resistin. In human adipose tissue cultured in vitro, the direct effect of PRL on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was investigated and PRL inhibited the LPL activity in the human adipose tissue. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that there are functional PRLRs in white adipose tissue and PRL is an important regulator of adipose tissue metabolism in both humans and mice.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Emil
(författare)
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Genome wide methylation analysis and obesity related traits
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The most studied form of epigenetics is DNA methylation and several studies have investigated the link between the methylome and body weight. In paper I we analyzed the methylation profile of whole blood in 46 subjects measured with Illumina 27K chip. We provide evidence that obesity influences age driven epigenetic changes. These identified markers may prove to be valuable biomarkers for the understanding of the molecular basis of aging, obesity and associated diseases. In paper II we studied the effect of bariatric surgery, and subsequent weight loss, on methylation and relating this to normal weight controls. In paper II we found 115 promoters had altered methylation after surgery. Among these promoters, an enrichment for genes involved in metabolic processes was found (n=36, p<0.05). In addition, these 51 promoters was more similar after surgery to that of normal-weight controls, than it had been at baseline (p<0.0001). One of the major comorbidities of severe obesity is obstructive sleep apnea and lack of sleep is highly correlated with obesity. Paper III shows how acute sleep deprivation increases portion size and affects food choice in 16 young men. In paper VI, whole genome DNA methylation profiles of whole blood was assessed following both conditions by the Illumina 450K methylation in the same trial as in paper III. This paper shows how sleep deprivation affects DNA methylation profiles of whole blood in a manner both dependent and independent on monocyte subpopulations. Hypothesis free genome wide analysis revealed differential methylation in ING5, a gene previously known to be differentially expressed in sleep deprivation.
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