| 1. |
- Petersen, S. O., et al.
(författare)
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In-vitro method and model to estimate methane emissions from liquid manure management on pig and dairy farms in four countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methane (CH4) emissions from manure management on livestock farms are a key source of greenhouse gas emissions in some regions and for some production systems, and the opportunities for mitigation may be significant if emissions can be adequately documented. We investigated a method for estimating CH4 emissions from liquid manure (slurry) that is based on anaerobic incubation of slurry collected from commercial farms. Methane production rates were used to derive a parameter of the Arrhenius temperature response function, lnA', representing the CH4 production potential of the slurry at the time of sampling. Results were used for parameterization of an empirical model to estimate annual emissions with daily time steps, where CH4 emissions from individual sources (barns, outside storage tanks) can be calculated separately. A monitoring program was conducted in four countries, i.e., Denmark, Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands, during a 12-month period where slurry was sampled to represent barn and outside storage on finishing pig and dairy farms. Across the four countries, lnA' was higher in pig slurry compared to cattle slurry (p < 0.01), and higher in slurry from barns compared to outside storage (p < 0.01). In a separate evaluation of the incubation method, in-vitro CH4 production rates were comparable with in-situ emissions. The results indicate that lnA' in barns increases with slurry age, probably due to growth or adaptation of the methanogenic microbial community. Using lnA' values determined experimentally, empirical models with daily time steps were constructed for finishing pig and dairy farms and used for scenario analyses. Annual emissions from pig slurry were predicted to be 2.5 times higher than those from cattle slurry. Changing the frequency of slurry export from the barn on the model pig farm from 40 to 7 d intervals reduced total annual CH4 emissions by 46 %; this effect would be much less on cattle farms with natural ventilation. In a scenario with cattle slurry, the empirical model was compared with the current IPCC methodology. The seasonal dynamics were less pronounced, and annual CH4 emissions were lower than with the current methodology, which calls for further investigations. Country-specific models for individual animal categories and point sources could be a tool for assessing CH4 emissions and mitigation potentials at farm level.
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| 2. |
- Ozolins, Oskars, et al.
(författare)
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7×149 Gbit/s PAM4 transmission over 1 km multicore fiber for short-reach optical interconnects
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - : Optics Info Base, Optical Society of America. - 9781557528209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We transmit 80 Gbaud/λ/core PAM4 signal enabled by 1.55 μm EML over 1 km 7-core fiber. The solution achieves single-wavelength and single-fiber 1.04 Tbit/s post-FEC transmission enhancing bandwidth-density for short-reach optical interconnects.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Carnohan, Shane, et al.
(författare)
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Next generation application of DPSIR for sustainable policy implementation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2666-0490. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As our societies and natural systems are becoming ever more interconnected, it is critical that sustainable management can adapt to new knowledge from both the ecological and the social domains, and act on it in a timely and effective manner. This need is amplifying in the Anthropocene as we are approaching the limit for humanity's safe operating space, leading to irreversible change to ecosystem function. This urgently requires increased attention and concern regarding the information feedbacks between the silos of science, policy and society. A web of policies is in place to protect the health of people and the planet, but to ensure that they are effective we need frameworks to make sense of real-world complexities and interlinkages between multiple factors. The Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Response (DPSIR) framework was created for this purpose, however, its' implicit focus on 1) analytical and 2) procedural aspects must be made explicit, to enable coordination across silos and studies. Continued creation of new DPSIR derivatives may limit its impact, while more explicit coordination between these two aspects can improve the effectiveness of DPSIR while retaining its flexibility. We thus propose five elements to support sustainable policy development and implementation using DPSIR: 1) iteration; 2) risk, uncertainty and analytical bias; 3) flexible integration; 4) use of quantitative methods, and; 5) clear and standard definitions for DPSIR. We illustrate these elements in four cases: Three highlight missing feedbacks when DPSIR elements are not made explicit and a fourth case – on per-and-polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) – showing a potential roadmap to successful policy implementation using DPSIR. © 2022 The Authors
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| 5. |
- Jiang, L., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigation on BOF slag oxidation in air
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ironmaking & steelmaking. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 0301-9233 .- 1743-2812. ; 46:8, s. 747-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag contains a significant amount of iron-containing species, which is considered to be iron resources and therefore need to be recovered. In this work, the oxidation behaviour of BOF slag under air (at selected oxidation temperatures and holding time) was investigated to explore the potential of transforming non-magnetic wustite in the BOF slag into magnetic spinel, which may subsequently be recovered by magnetic separation. The experimental results show that the iron-containing spices in the BOF slag can be oxidised into magnetic spinel phases in the investigated temperature range of 1000–1150°C and thereafter be recovered by magnetic separation. The formation of these phases is closely related to the oxidation temperatures and holding time: a higher oxidation temperature and longer holding time lead to a larger amount of formed magnetic species; however, the amount of formed magnetic species decreases at elevated temperature (>1050°C) and with extended holding time (>40 min).
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| 6. |
- Kawasaki, Yayoi, et al.
(författare)
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Color Judgments of #The Dress and #The Jacket in a Sample of Different Cultures.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 0301-0066 .- 1468-4233. ; 50:3, s. 216-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two viral photographs, #The Dress and #The Jacket, have received recent attention in research on perception as the colors in these photos are ambiguous. In the current study, we examined perception of these photographs across three different cultural samples: Sweden (Western culture), China (Eastern culture), and India (between Western and Eastern cultures). Participants also answered questions about gender, age, morningness, and previous experience of the photographs. Analyses revealed that only age was a significant predictor for the perception of The Dress, as older people were more likely to perceive the colors as blue and black than white and gold. In contrast, multiple factors predicted perception of The Jacket, including age, previous experience, and country. Consistent with some previous research, this suggests that the perception of The Jacket is a different phenomenon from perception of The Dress and is influenced by additional factors, most notably culture.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Liu, H., et al.
(författare)
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Radical alternating copolymerization: A strategy for hyperbranched materials
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Polymer Science Part A. - : John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, NY, United States. - 0887-624X .- 1099-0518. ; 38:17, s. 3074-3085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel hyperbranched polymers were synthesized in a high yield without gelation through the free-radical alternating copolymerization of an AB/B′ (allyloxy maleic acid/maleic anhydride) system, in which group B and monomer B′ both could only alternately polymerize with group A. The arm number of the produced highly branched polymers was equal to the product of the linear chain length and the probability of pendent B groups being growing centers. The molecular weight of these novel hyperbranched polymers increased with increasing initiator concentration and prolonged polymerization times. The AB/B′ system, used as described, provides a new general methodology for highly branched and functional polymers.
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| 9. |
- Rouhi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of manufacturing on the structural performance of composites in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of reinforced plastics and composites (Print). - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 0731-6844 .- 1530-7964. ; 42, s. 264-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work focuses on developing a seamlessly integrated modeling platform for manufacturing, designing, and analyzing fiber-reinforced composite structures. The manufacturing method is vacuum assisted resin transfer molding, and the analysis method is the finite element method. The unique integration of two commercial software (Moldex3D and ABAQUS) with additional interfaces and physics-based micromechanics enables variabilities during the manufacturing to be directly embedded into the structural analysis. The manufacturing output is the resin pressure which is used to predict the compaction pressure and calculate local fiber volume fractions. The predicted non-uniform volume fractions provide local mechanical properties allowing seamless transfer of process effects and properties variability to the final structural analysis. Three demonstrators are presented as examples for simulation and validation against experiments, both in manufacturing and structural performance. The results show very good agreement between simulations and experiments regarding resin flow times and measurements (within 17%) and demonstrators’ structural stiffness (within 15%). © The Author(s) 2022.
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| 10. |
- Sun, Vivian Z., et al.
(författare)
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Overview and Results From the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover's First Science Campaign on the Jezero Crater Floor
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 2169-9097 .- 2169-9100. ; 128:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater on 18 February 2021. After a 100-sol period of commissioning and the Ingenuity Helicopter technology demonstration, Perseverance began its first science campaign to explore the enigmatic Jezero crater floor, whose igneous or sedimentary origins have been much debated in the scientific community. This paper describes the campaign plan developed to explore the crater floor's Máaz and Séítah formations and summarizes the results of the campaign between sols 100–379. By the end of the campaign, Perseverance had traversed more than 5 km, created seven abrasion patches, and sealed nine samples and a witness tube. Analysis of remote and proximity science observations show that the Máaz and Séítah formations are igneous in origin and composed of five and two geologic members, respectively. The Séítah formation represents the olivine-rich cumulate formed from differentiation of a slowly cooling melt or magma body, and the Máaz formation likely represents a separate series of lava flows emplaced after Séítah. The Máaz and Séítah rocks also preserve evidence of multiple episodes of aqueous alteration in secondary minerals like carbonate, Fe/Mg phyllosilicates, sulfates, and perchlorate, and surficial coatings. Post-emplacement processes tilted the rocks near the Máaz-Séítah contact and substantial erosion modified the crater floor rocks to their present-day expressions. Results from this crater floor campaign, including those obtained upon return of the collected samples, will help to build the geologic history of events that occurred in Jezero crater and provide time constraints on the formation of the Jezero delta.
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