| 1. |
- Duggan, D., et al.
(författare)
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Two genome-wide association studies of aggressive prostate cancer implicate putative prostate tumor suppressor gene DAB2IP
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 99:24, s. 1836-1844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The consistent finding of a genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer suggests that there are germline sequence variants predisposing individuals to this disease. These variants could be useful in screening and treatment. Methods: We performed an exploratory genome-wide association scan in 498 men with aggressive prostate cancer and 494 control subjects selected from a population-based case-control study in Sweden. We combined the results of this scan with those for aggressive prostate cancer from the publicly available Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) Study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed statistically significant associations with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer based on two-sided allele tests were tested for their association with aggressive prostate cancer in two independent study populations composed of individuals of European or African American descent using one-sided tests and the genetic model (dominant or additive) associated with the lowest value in the exploratory study. Results: Among the approximately 60000 SNPs that were common to our study and CGEMS, we identified seven that had a similar (positive or negative) and statistically significant (P<.01) association with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer in both studies. Analysis of the distribution of these SNPs among 1032 prostate cancer patients and 571 control subjects of European descent indicated that one, rs1571801, located in the DAB2IP gene, which encodes a novel Ras GTPase-activating protein and putative prostate tumor suppressor, was associated with aggressive prostate cancer (one-sided P value =. 004). The association was also statistically significant in an African American study population that included 210 prostate cancer patients and 346 control subjects (one-sided P value =. 02). Conclusion: A genetic variant in DAB2IP may be associated with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer and should be evaluated further.
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| 2. |
- Sun, J L, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions of sequence variants in interieukin-1 receptor-associated kinase4 and the Toll-like receptor 6-1-10 gene cluster increase prostate cancer risk
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genom, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci, Umea, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Hosp Uppsala, Reg Oncol Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol & Clin Med, Orebro, Sweden. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD USA. : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 15:3, s. 480-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic or recurrent inflammation has been suggested as a causal factor in several human malignancies, including prostate cancer. Genetic predisposition is also a strong risk factor in the development of prostate cancer. In particular, Toll-like receptors (TLR), especially the TLR6-1-10 gene cluster, are involved in prostate cancer development. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAK) 1 and 4 are critical components in the TLR signaling pathway. In this large case-control study, we tested two hypotheses: (a) sequence variants in IRAK1 and IRAK4 are associated with prostate cancer risk and (b) sequence variants in IRAK1/4 and TLR1-6-10 interacts and confers a stronger risk to prostate cancer. We analyzed 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (four in IRAK1 and seven in IRAK4) among 1,383 newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients and 780 population controls in Sweden. Although the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IRAK1 and IRAK4 alone were not significantly associated with prostate cancer risk, one single-nucleotide polymorphism in IRAK4, when combined with the high-risk genotype at TLR6-1-10, conferred a significant excess risk of prostate cancer. In particular, men with the risk genotype at TLR6-1-10 and IRAK4-7987 CG/CC had an odds ratio of 9.68 (P = 0.03) when compared with men who had wildtype genotypes. Our findings suggest synergistic effects between sequence variants in IRAK4 and the TLR 6-1-10 gene cluster. Although this study was based on a priori hypothesis and was designed to address many common issues facing this type of study, our results need confirmation in even larger studies.
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| 3. |
- Sun, J L, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence variants in toll-like receptor gene cluster (TLR6-TLR1-TLR10) and prostate cancer risk
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genom, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci & Oncol, Umea, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol & Clin Med, Orebro, Sweden. Univ Uppsala Hosp, Reg Oncol Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD USA. : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 97:7, s. 525-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronic inflammation plays an important role in several human cancers and may be involved in the etiology of prostate cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in the innate immune response to pathogens and in cross-talk between innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Our previous finding of an association of TLR4 gene sequence variants and prostate cancer risk provides evidence for a role of TLRs in prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated whether sequence variants in the TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster, residing within a 54-kb region on 4p14, were associated with prostate cancer risk. Methods: We selected 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering these three genes and genotyped these SNPs in 96 control subjects from the Cancer Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) population-based prostate cancer case-control study. Five distinct haplotype blocks were inferred at this region, and we identified 17 haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNPs) that could uniquely describe < 95% of the haplotypes. These 17 htSNPs were then genotyped in the entire CAPS study population (1383 case subjects and 780 control subjects). Odds ratios of prostate cancer for the carriers of a variant allele versus those with the wild-type allele were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Results: The allele frequencies of 11 of the 17 SNPs were statistically significantly different between case and control subjects (P = .04-.001), with odds ratios for variant allele carriers (homozygous or heterozygous) compared with wild-type allele carriers ranging from 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 1.43) to 1.38 (95% CI = 1.12 to 1.70). Phylogenetic tree analyses of common haplotypes identified a clade of two evolutionarily related haplotypes that are statistically significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. These two haplotypes contain all the risk alleles of these 11 associated SNPs. Conclusion: The observed multiple associated SNPs at the TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster were dependent and suggest the presence of a founder prostate cancer risk variant on this haplotype background. The TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster may play a role in prostate cancer risk, although further functional studies are needed to pinpoint the disease-associated variants in this gene cluster.
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| 4. |
- Rong, X., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study on a multi-evaporator mutual defrosting system for air source heat pumps
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) are prone to frost when heating in a low-temperature and high-humidity environment, which deteriorates the heating performance of the unit. In this study, a new multi-evaporator mutual defrosting (MEMD) system was proposed to overcome the disadvantages of traditional defrosting methods: intermittent heating and inefficient defrosting. To validate the performance of the proposed defrosting technology, comparative tests were conducted in various outdoor environmental conditions. The experimental results showed that the MEMD system could continuously heat water during the defrosting period. In five experimental conditions, the MEMD system exhibited a lower water temperature drop range (2.1–2.8 °C) than that of a traditional reverse-cycle defrosting (RCD) system (6.0–7.3 °C). Due to the effective utilization of heat production during the heating period, the effective heat power (qe) of the unit increased by 0.7–1.4 kW, and the heat loss coefficient (HLC) of frosting and defrosting increased by an average of 6 % in the five experimental conditions, effectively reducing the heating capacity loss of the unit caused by defrosting. While defrosting, the MEMD system was able to utilize the remaining evaporators to absorb heat from the air and then deliver it to the defrosting evaporator. The equivalent defrosting energy efficiency (COPd) of the MEMD system was 17.5 % greater than that of the RCD system on average. During the heating and defrosting cycle, the energy saved when defrosting could increase the cycle coefficient of performance (CCOP) of heating by 3.7 %.
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| 5. |
- Liu, L., et al.
(författare)
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Forecasting Power Output of Photovoltaic System Using A BP Network Method
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; 142, s. 780-786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The characteristics of intermittent and stochastic of solar energy has brought great challenges to power grid system in terms of operation and regulation. Power forecasting is an important factor for optimal schedule of power grid system and assessing the working performance of PV systems. In order to forecast the power output of a PV system located in Ashland at 24-hour-ahead for higher efficiency, a back propagation (BP) neural network model is proposed. Before designing the model, correlation analysis is done to investigate the relationship between power output and solar irradiance and ambient temperature, which are key parameters affecting the power output of PV systems. Based on a correlation analysis, the model admitted the following input parameters: hourly solar radiation intensity, the highest, the lowest daily and the average daily temperature, and hourly power output of the PV system. The output of the model is the forecasted PV power output 24 hours ahead. Based on the datasets, the neural network is trained to improve its accuracy. The best performance is obtained with the BP neural network structure of 28-20-11. The analysis of the error indicator MAPE shows that the proposed model has great accuracy and efficiency for forecasting the power output of photovoltaic systems.
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| 6. |
- Liu, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Targeted opportunities to address the climate-trade dilemma in China
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 6:2, s. 201-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International trade has become the fastest growing driver of global carbon emissions, with large quantities of emissions embodied in exports from emerging economies. International trade with emerging economies poses a dilemma for climate and trade policy: to the extent emerging markets have comparative advantages in manufacturing, such trade is economically efficient and desirable. However, if carbon-intensive manufacturing in emerging countries such as China entails drastically more CO 2 emissions than making the same product elsewhere, then trade increases global CO 2 emissions. Here we show that the emissions embodied in Chinese exports, which are larger than the annual emissions of Japan or Germany, are primarily the result of China's coal-based energy mix and the very high emissions intensity (emission per unit of economic value) in a few provinces and industry sectors. Exports from these provinces and sectors therefore represent targeted opportunities to address the climate-trade dilemma by either improving production technologies and decarbonizing the underlying energy systems or else reducing trade volumes.
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| 7. |
- Luo, H., et al.
(författare)
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Real-time Characterization Model of Carbon Emissions Based on Land-use Status : A Case Study of Xi'an City, China
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The traditional carbon accounting method, with a lag of over 2 years due to the release time of statistical yearbooks, impedes timely policy adjustments in urban planning and management. Hence, there is an urgent need to establish a real-time carbon emissions characterization model. Xi'an which has a complex land-use structure was chosen as the study site and its carbon emissions were calculated using the Emission Factor Method. The GIS-Kernel Density (KD) model was constructed, and land use was subdivided based on Point of Interest (POI) and road network data. Based on the results of carbon emissions accounting and land-use subdivision, a Multilayer perceptron (MLP) model was established. The remote sensing (RS) images of Xi'an underwent supervised classification, and the carbon emissions of Xi'an were characterized based on the subdivision results and MLP model. The results show that: (1) The accuracy of the characterization model is more than 90%, and with the improvement of RS technology, the accuracy will be further improved; (2) Compared with the existing model, this model can real time reflect the spatial distribution of carbon emissions; (3) Atmospheric emission of Xi'an will be 41.92 million tons at the end of 2022, a decrease of 2.80 million tons compared with that of 2020, but an increase of 0.33 million tons from 2021. The north of Xi'an and periphery of the central urban area are the main carbon sink loss areas, while the east of Xi'an and north foot of the Qinling Mountains are carbon sink growth areas.
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| 8. |
- Ashjaei, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Worst-case delay analysis of master-slave switched ethernet networks
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceeings of the 2nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Traversal Time. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450316866 ; , s. 15-21
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Switched Ethernet is increasingly used in real-time communication due to its intrinsic features such as micro segmentation and high throughput. However, COTS switches may impose long blocking times due to their FIFO queues and can also experience buffer overflow in outgoing queues due to uncontrolled packets arrival. The FTT-SE protocol uses a Master-Slave technique to overcome the COTS switch limitations in real-time applications. Recently, we extended the protocol for large scale networks and in this paper we present the worst-case delay analysis using the Network Calculus formalism for such a network. Moreover, we assess the end-to-end delay of traffic with simulation concluding that the obtained analytical results present a good match with the observed delays, providing uppers bounds that vary between 0% and 50% above the maximum measured values. © 2012 ACM.
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| 9. |
- Fatima, R., et al.
(författare)
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Sharing information online rationally : An observation of user privacy concerns and awareness using serious game
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Information Security and Applications. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-2134 .- 2214-2126. ; 48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have shown that excessive online information disclosure is a major reason of privacy breach. It makes it easy for social engineers to gather information about their targets. The objective of this study is to gather user privacy concerns reported in the literature and categorize them into themes, then design a serious game covering the categorized privacy concerns and evaluate the educational effect of the game regarding dangers associated with excessive online information disclosure. We have conducted a literature review and extracted user privacy concerns reported in 109+ publications. Then we designed a serious game and empirically evaluated the game players awareness of dangers associated with excessive online information disclosure. We find that privacy awareness has a positive long-term impact on users online behavior in terms of controlled information sharing. However, social networking needs drive users to share information online, even knowing the potential risks. The proposed serious game shows positive effect in improving the privacy awareness of participants.
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| 10. |
- Gao, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Cooling pitch cabinets in wind turbines using a pulsating heat pipe : A case study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-157X. ; 50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the electric capacity of wind turbine increases, heat dissipation in pitch cabinets becomes challenging owing to the limited space and rotating conditions. To cool down the pitch cabinet more effectively and allow heat dissipation, we designed and implemented a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) in this study. We designed PHP parameters and conducted performance tests to compare the cooling performance of the fabricated PHP with that of an air-based cooling system in a 1.5 MW wind turbine. The results demonstrated steady PHP operation under rotating conditions (17.3 rpm). At a heat load of 1000 W, the evaporator outlet temperature was only 76.1 °C. However, increasing the ambient temperature adversely affected PHP operation, resulting in higher temperature and thermal resistance. The heat-pipe-based cooling system lowered the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) temperature by about 20.4 °C in relation to the air-based cooling system, while being suitable under varied conditions. Additionally, the system could successfully operate when the heat load of IGBT was 2350 W, corresponding to a 7 MW electric capacity of the wind turbine. Reducing the manufacturing cost of the heat pipe would further enhance the applicability of this system for pitch cabinet IGBT cooling, such as decreasing payback period.
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