| 1. |
- Huang, D., et al.
(författare)
-
CMOS device reliability : A modified charge-pumping method for the characterization of interface-trap generation in MOSFETs
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Selected Semiconductor Research. - : World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd. ; , s. 301-308
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A novel recovery-free interface-trap measurement method is presented in detail. This method is the modification of the conventional charge pumping (CP) by extending the pulse low-level to the stress-bias and minimizing the pulse high-level duty cycle to suppress the recovery effect. The method is applied to study the negative-bias temperature instability in p-MOSFETs. As compared with the conventional CP, a much larger interface-trap generation under stress is observed by the new method. A power law time dependence (~ tn) of interface-trap generation is observed. The index n is less than that derived from conventional CP and increases with temperature, demonstrating a dispersive process involved in the trap generation dynamics.
|
|
| 2. |
- Crowe, Jacob D., et al.
(författare)
-
Alkaline and Alkaline-Oxidative Pretreatment and Hydrolysis of Herbaceous Biomass for Growth of Oleaginous Microbes
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Microbial Lipid Production. - New York, NY : Springer Nature. ; , s. 173-182
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter describes methods for generation of hydrolysates amenable to conversion to microbial lipids from herbaceous lignocellulosic biomass utilizing either mild alkali pretreatment with NaOH or alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment with NaOH and H2O2. This pretreatment is followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the plant cell wall polysaccharides to yield hydrolysates. These hydrolysates are composed primarily of the monosaccharides glucose and xylose as well as acetate and phenolic monomers that may all serve as a source of renewable carbon to produce microbial lipids. Application of these mild pretreatment conditions minimizes the generation of inhibitors, enabling microbial cultivations to often be performed without the need for detoxification.
|
|
| 3. |
- Fortelius, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
The Origin and Early History of NOW as It Happened
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Evolution of Cenozoic Land Mammal Faunas and Ecosystems: 25 years of the NOW database of fossil mammals.. - : Springer. ; , s. 7-32
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The NOW database of fossil mammals came to be through a confluence of several initiatives spanning multiple decades. The first public version of NOW database was released in 1996 and the first Advisory Board was established the year after. Originally, NOW stood for Neogene of the Old World but with the gradual expansion of the database the acronym was eventually reassigned to stand for New and Old Worlds. The structure of what would become NOW was originally cloned from the ETE database of the Smithsonian Institution and the first NOW version accessible over the internet was a node of the ETE database. The first standalone, online version of NOW was launched in 2005 and the first formal steering group was established in 2009. During its existence, NOW has been funded, directly or indirectly, by several organizations but fundamentally it has always been an unfunded community effort, dependent on voluntary work by the participants.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gummidi, Srinivasa Raghavendra Bhuvan, et al.
(författare)
-
QUANTIFYING THE SUNK CARBON COSTS OF CITIES: A case study of 50 years of construction in Odense, Denmark
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Carbon in the Built Environment. - 9781003820031 ; , s. 201-220
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Constructing buildings and infrastructure in cities generates immense emissions of carbon dioxide. Understanding these emissions can aid in low-carbon urban planning and development. Current efforts to estimate these emissions use the Carbon Replacement Value method, which calculates the carbon cost of replacing the urban stock using current technologies. The CRV is useful for forecasting the carbon costs of near-term urban development. However, the perspective of historical emissions from technologies from the time of construction is missing. Quantifying historical emissions would improve our understanding of the embodied carbon spent to build the cities we live in today. This study proposes a methodology to estimate the Sunk Carbon Cost of urban material stocks. This method combines urban material cadastral maps with temporally dynamic life cycle assessment (LCA) of previous construction technologies to quantify and spatialize the historical carbon investment in the urban built form. We demonstrate the method by estimating the historical carbon emissions from concrete in all construction since 1961 (~105,000 individual buildings) in the city of Odense, Denmark. We estimate that 20.2 Mt of concrete was used in these buildings which released 3.0 Mt of carbon dioxide. We find that the sunk carbon cost for all construction since 1961 may be up to ~36% greater than estimates using carbon replacement value, but that these differences decrease for newer buildings. The spatial analysis identifies low-density settlement patterns as spatial hotspots of historical emissions, highlighting the material and carbon efficiencies of high-density neighborhoods. Applying this method to a city’s entire material stock can identify hotspots of embodied emissions across the urban fabric and suggest how to best utilize spent carbon through the adaptive reuse of existing buildings and low-carbon urban design.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Li, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
-
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Photo‐ and Electro‐Catalytic Processes. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; , s. 415-483
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 7. |
- Shen, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Wearable carbon nanotube devices for sensing
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Industrial applications of carbon nanotubes. - : Elsevier. - 9780323415316 - 9780323414814 ; , s. 179-199
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for wearable sensing device fabrication is an interesting area, attracting sustained scientific and technological interest. Acquisition of information from wearable technologies is considered a cornerstone in person-centered health informatics, because of its independence, currency, and timeliness. The unique physical and chemical properties (such as high aspect ratio, ultralight weight, high mechanical strength, high electrical conductivity, and high thermal conductivity) of CNTs make them an attractive nanomaterial for wearable sensor fabrication. Extensive efforts will continuously be made in both academia and industry in the research and development of wearable CNT sensors to enhance their function, flexibility, energy saving, and longevity. We will discuss recent advances in the design and application of wearable devices based on CNT materials for sensing, especially in the fields of medical equipment, motion detection, and environmental sensor.
|
|
| 8. |
- Zhang, H, et al.
(författare)
-
Service composition in cloud manufacturing : A DQN-based approach
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Series in Operations Research and Management Science. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 239-254
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cloud manufacturing is a new service-oriented manufacturing model that integrates distributed manufacturing resources to provide on-demand manufacturing services over the Internet. Service composition that builds larger-granularity, value-added services by combining a number of smaller-granularity services to satisfy consumers’ complex requirements is an important issue in cloud manufacturing. Meta-heuristic algorithms such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and ant colony algorithm are frequently employed for addressing service composition issues in cloud manufacturing. However, these algorithms require complex design flows and lack adaptability to dynamic environment. Deep reinforcement learning provides an alternative approach for solving cloud manufacturing service composition issues. This chapter proposes a deep Q-network (DQN) based approach for service composition in cloud manufacturing, which is able to find optimal service composition solutions through repeated training and learning. Results of experiments that take into account changes of service scales and service unavailability reveal the scalability and robustness of the DQN algorithm-based service composition approach.
|
|
| 9. |
- Zhang, Jiao-Long, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of the Added Value of Multiscale Modeling of Concrete for Structural Analysis of Segmental Tunnel Rings
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Materials. - : Elsevier. - 9780128197318 - 9780128197240 ; , s. 69-78
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contribution deals with an assessment of the added value resulting from the use of a multiscale model of concrete as the basis for structural analysis of a segmental tunnel ring. The assessment rests on the comparison of a triad of results. They are obtained from a real-scale test of a segmental tunnel ring, from conventional structural analysis based on the concrete model of the fib Model Code, and from multiscale structural analysis based on a more recently developed multiscale model of concrete. In the experiment, a segmental tunnel ring was subjected to point loads simulating ground pressure. For both modes of structural analysis, a nonlinear hybrid method was used. It is termed hybrid, because not only the external loading was part of the input, but also the displacements at the joints were measured during testing. The method is nonlinear, because bending-induced cracking of concrete is accounted for. The analyzed segmental tunnel ring was subdivided into elements that are either intact or contain one central crack band. Structural analysis was based on transfer relations, representing analytical solutions of the linear theory of circular arches. As for the convergences, it is shown that conventional and multiscale structural analysis are equally reliable. Concerning cracking of concrete, it is demonstrated that multiscale structural analysis allows for a correct prediction of the initiation of cracking, while the results from conventional structural analysis overestimate the external loading at initiation of cracking by 86%. This underlines the added value of multiscale structural analysis for durability analysis of segmental tunnel linings with a designed service life of 100 years and more. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
