| 1. |
- Bousquet, Jean, et al.
(författare)
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ARIA digital anamorphosis : Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 76:1, s. 168-190
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed.
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| 2. |
- Enkovaara, J., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure calculations with GPAW : a real-space implementation of the projector augmented-wave method
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 22:25, s. 253202-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic structure calculations have become an indispensable tool in many areas of materials science and quantum chemistry. Even though the Kohn-Sham formulation of the density-functional theory (DFT) simplifies the many-body problem significantly, one is still confronted with several numerical challenges. In this article we present the projector augmented-wave (PAW) method as implemented in the GPAW program package (https://wiki.fysik.dtu.dk/gpaw) using a uniform real-space grid representation of the electronic wavefunctions. Compared to more traditional plane wave or localized basis set approaches, real-space grids offer several advantages, most notably good computational scalability and systematic convergence properties. However, as a unique feature GPAW also facilitates a localized atomic-orbital basis set in addition to the grid. The efficient atomic basis set is complementary to the more accurate grid, and the possibility to seamlessly switch between the two representations provides great flexibility. While DFT allows one to study ground state properties, time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) provides access to the excited states. We have implemented the two common formulations of TDDFT, namely the linear-response and the time propagation schemes. Electron transport calculations under finite-bias conditions can be performed with GPAW using non-equilibrium Green functions and the localized basis set. In addition to the basic features of the real-space PAW method, we also describe the implementation of selected exchange-correlation functionals, parallelization schemes, Delta SCF-method, x-ray absorption spectra, and maximally localized Wannier orbitals.
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| 3. |
- Berntorp, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of haemophilia A and B and von Willebrand's disease : summary and conclusions of a systematic review as part of a Swedish health-technology assessment
- 2012
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 18:2, s. 158-165
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an ongoing health-technology assessment of haemophilia treatment in Sweden, performed by the governmental agency Dental and Pharmaceutical Benefits Agency (TLV; tandvårds-och läkemedelsförmånsverket), the Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment (SBU; statens beredning för medicinsk utvärdering) was called upon to evaluate treatment of haemophilia A and B and von Willebrand's disease (VWD) with clotting factor concentrates. To evaluate the following questions: What are the short-term and long-term effects of different treatment strategies? What methods are available to treat haemophilia patients that have developed inhibitors against factor concentrates? Based on the questions addressed by the project, a systematic database search was conducted in PubMed, NHSEED, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and other relevant databases. The literature search covered all studies in the field published from 1985 up to the spring of 2010. In most instances, the scientific evidence is insufficient for the questions raised in the review. Concentrates of coagulation factors have good haemostatic effects on acute bleeding and surgical intervention in haemophilia A and B and VWD, but conclusions cannot be drawn about possible differences in the effects of different dosing strategies for acute bleeding and surgery. Prophylaxis initiated at a young age can prevent future joint damage in persons with haemophilia. The available treatment options for inhibitors have been insufficiently assessed. The economic consequences of various treatment regimens have been insufficiently analysed. Introduction of national and international registries is important.
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| 4. |
- Biava, Pier M., et al.
(författare)
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Stem Cell Differentiation Stage Factors from Zebrafish Embryo : A Novel Strategy to Modulate the Fate of Normal and Pathological Human (Stem) Cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1389-2010 .- 1873-4316. ; 16:9, s. 782-792
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In spite of the growing body of evidence on the biology of the Zebrafish embryo and stem cells, including the use of Stem Cell Differentiation Stage Factors (SCDSFs) taken from Zebrafish embryo to impact cancer cell dynamics, comparatively little is known about the possibility to use these factors to modulate the homeostasis of normal human stem cells or to modulate the behavior of cells involved in different pathological conditions. In the present review we recall in a synthetic way the most important researches about the use of SCDSFs in reprogramming cancer cells and in modulating the high speed of multiplication of keratinocytes which is characteristic of some pathological diseases like psoriasis. Moreover we add here the results about the capability of SCDSFs in modulating the homeostasis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) isolated from a fat tissue obtained with a novel-non enzymatic method and device. In addition we report the data not yet published about a first protein analysis of the SCDSFs and about their role in a pathological condition like neurodegeneration.
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| 5. |
- Bäcklund, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Gaming motivations and gaming disorder symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Addictions. - : Akademiai Kiado. - 2062-5871 .- 2063-5303. ; 11:3, s. 667-688
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the available literature on the relationship between gaming motivations and gaming disorder symptoms. Specifically, to (1) explore what gaming motivation questionnaires and classifications are used in studies on gaming disorder symptoms and (2) investigate the relationship between motivational factors and symptoms of gaming disorder. Method: An electronic database search was conducted via EBSCO (MEDLINE and PsycINFO) and the Web of Science Core Collection. All studies using validated measurements on gaming disorder symptoms and gaming motivations and available correlation coefficients of the relationship between gaming disorder and gaming motivations were included. The meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Results: In total, 49 studies (k = 58 independent sub-samples), including 51,440 participants, out of which 46 studies (k = 55 sub-samples, n = 49,192 participants) provided data for the meta-analysis. The synthesis identified fourteen different gaming motivation instruments, seven unique motivation models, and 26 motivational factors. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant associations between gaming disorder symptoms and 23 out of 26 motivational factors, with the majority of the pooled mean effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. Moreover, large heterogeneity was observed, and the calculated prediction intervals indicated substantial variation in effects across populations and settings. Motivations related to emotional escape were robustly associated with gaming disorder symptoms. Discussion and conclusions: The present meta-analysis reinforces the importance of motivational factors in understanding problematic gaming behavior. The analysis showed significant heterogeneity in most outcomes, warranting further investigation.
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| 6. |
- Campi, Riccardo, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Liquid Biomarkers and Innovative Imaging for Kidney Cancer Diagnosis : What Can Be Implemented in Our Practice Today? A Systematic Review of the Literature
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Urology Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 2588-9311. ; 4:1, s. 22-41
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: The epidemiological signature of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) during the past decades is explained by overdetection and overtreatment of indolent cancers; furthermore, a non-negligible proportion of patients undergoing surgery for suspected RCC harbour benign renal tumours. As the gold standard for RCC diagnosis remains histopathological analysis of surgical or biopsy specimens, implementation of noninvasive diagnostic strategies to discriminate between benign and malignant renal masses is an urgent unmet need. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review novel liquid biomarkers and imaging modalities for RCC diagnosis. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review of the recent English-language literature was conducted according to the European Association of Urology guidelines and the PRISMA statement recommendations (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020190773) using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Risk-of-bias assessment was performed according to the QUADAS 2 tool. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Overall, 15 studies (six on biomarkers and nine on imaging) and eight clinical trials were included. None of the biomarkers or imaging modalities has been validated or shown to have a distinct clinical value for RCC. Specific combinations of urinary cell-free and exosomal miRNAs, urinary miR-15a, and specific panels of urinary metabolites assessed by metabolomics appear promising. In addition, machine/deep learning algorithms and radiomics applied to cross-sectional images may have potential to improve RCC diagnosis. Most studies are limited by the retrospective design, size, and lack of external validation. CONCLUSIONS: Liquid biomarkers or imaging modalities are not ready for integration in the clinic and further well-designed studies must validate preliminary findings and explore utility in clinical decision-making. PATIENT SUMMARY: We provide a comprehensive overview of the currently available biomarkers (measured in blood or urine) and novel imaging tests (other than conventional imaging) to discriminate kidney cancer from benign renal masses in a noninvasive fashion. None of the biomarkers or imaging modalities studied was validated or added clinical value; therefore, none of them can be implemented in the clinic. However, these approaches appear to be promising for improving the diagnosis of kidney cancer in the future.
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| 7. |
- Ljungberg, M., et al.
(författare)
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3-D Image-Based Dosimetry in Radionuclide Therapy
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences. - 2469-7311. ; 2:6, s. 527-540
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radionuclide therapy is the use of radioactive drugs for internal radiotherapy, mainly for the treatment of metastatic disease. As opposed to systemic cancer therapies in general, the use of radioactively labeled drugs results not only in a targeted therapy but also the possibility of imaging the distribution of the drug during therapy. From such images, the absorbed doses delivered to tumors and organs at risk can be calculated. Calculation of the absorbed dose from 3-D images such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT, and in some cases positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, relies on image-based activity quantification. Quantification is accomplished by modeling the physics involved in the image-formation process, and applying image-processing methods. From a time-sequence of such quantitative images, the absorbed doses are then calculated. Although individual-patient dosimetry is a standard component of other forms of radiotherapy, it is still overlooked in the majority of radionuclide therapies. In this review, we summarize the physical and technical problems that need to be addressed in image-based dosimetry. The focus is on SPECT, since most of the radionuclides used are single-photon emitters, although the use of PET is also discussed. Practical issues of relevance for the practical implementation of personalized dosimetry in radionuclide therapy are also highlighted.
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| 8. |
- MacLennan, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic Review of Oncological Outcomes Following Surgical Management of Localised Renal Cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 61:5, s. 972-993
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2-3% of adult malignancies. There remain uncertainties over the oncological outcomes for the surgical management of localised RCC. Objective: Systematically review relevant literature comparing oncological outcomes of surgical management of localised RCC (T1-2N0M0). Evidence acquisition: Relevant databases including Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to October 2010, and an updated scoping search was performed up to January 2012. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs, prospective observational studies with controls, retrospective matched-pair studies, and comparative studies from well-defined registries/databases were included. The main outcomes were overall survival, cancer-specific survival, recurrence, and metastases. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess RCTs, and an extended version was used to assess nonrandomised studies (NRSs). The quality of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Evidence synthesis: A total of 4580 abstracts and 389 full-text articles were assessed. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria (6 RCTs and 28 NRSs). Meta-analyses were planned but were deemed inappropriate due to data heterogeneity. There were high risks of bias and low-quality evidence across the evidence base. Open radical nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy showed similar cancer-specific and overall survival, but when both open and laparoscopic approaches are considered together, the evidence showed improved survival for partial nephrectomy for tumours <= 4 cm. The overall evidence suggests either equivalent or better survival with partial nephrectomy. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy offered equivalent survival to open radical nephrectomy, and all laparoscopic approaches achieved equivalent survival. Open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy achieved equivalent survival. The issue of ipsilateral adrenalectomy or complete lymph node dissection with radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy remains unresolved. Conclusions: The evidence base suggests localised RCCs are best managed by nephron-sparing surgery where technically feasible. However, the current evidence base has significant limitations due to studies of low methodological quality marked by high risks of bias. (C) 2012 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- MacLennan, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review of perioperative and quality-of-life outcomes following surgical management of localised renal cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 62:6, s. 1097-1117
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: For the treatment of localised renal cell carcinoma (RCC), uncertainties remain over the perioperative and quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes for the many different surgical techniques and approaches of nephrectomy. Controversy also remains on whether newer minimally invasive nephron-sparing interventions offer better QoL and perioperative outcomes, and whether adrenalectomy and lymphadenectomy should be performed simultaneously with nephrectomy. These non-oncological outcomes are important because they may have a considerable impact on localised RCC treatment decision making.Objective: To review systematically all the relevant published literature comparing perioperative and QoL outcomes of surgical management of localised RCC (T1-2N0M0).Evidence acquisition: Relevant databases including Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2012. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-randomised controlled trials, prospective observational studies with controls, retrospective matched-pair studies, and comparative studies from well-defined registries/databases were included. The outcome measures were QoL, analgesic requirement, length of hospital stay, time to normal activity level, surgical morbidity and complications, ischaemia time, renal function, blood loss, length of operation, need for blood transfusion, and perioperative mortality. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess RCTs, and an extended version was used to assess nonrandomised studies (NRSs). The quality of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.Evidence synthesis: A total of 4580 abstracts and 380 full-text articles were assessed, and 29 studies met the inclusion criteria (7 RCTs and 22 NRSs). There were high risks of bias and low-quality evidence for studies meeting the inclusion criteria. There is good evidence indicating that partial nephrectomy results in better preservation of renal function and better QoL outcomes than radical nephrectomy regardless of technique or approach. Regarding radical nephrectomy, the laparoscopic approach has better perioperative outcomes than the open approach, and there is no evidence of a difference between the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches. Alternatives to standard laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) such as hand-assisted, robot-assisted, or single-port techniques appear to have similar perioperative outcomes. There is no good evidence to suggest that minimally invasive procedures such as cryotherapy or radiofrequency ablation have superior perioperative or QoL outcomes to nephrectomy. Regarding concomitant lymphadenectomy during nephrectomy, there were low event rates for complications, and no definitive difference was observed. There was no evidence to base statements about concomitant ipsilateral adrenalectomy during nephrectomy.Conclusions: Partial nephrectomy results in significantly better preservation of renal function over radical nephrectomy. For tumours where partial nephrectomy is not technically feasible, there is no evidence that alternative procedures or techniques are better than LRN in terms of perioperative or QoL outcomes. In making treatment decisions, perioperative and QoL outcomes should be considered in conjunction with oncological outcomes. Overall, there was a paucity of data regarding QoL outcomes, and when reported, both QoL and perioperative outcomes were inconsistently defined, measured, or reported. The current evidence base has major limitations due to studies of low methodological quality marked by high risks of bias.(C) 2012 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Stabin, M G, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation dosimetry in nuclear medicine
- 1999
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Ingår i: Applied Radiation and Isotopes. - 0969-8043. ; 50:1, s. 73-87
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radionuclides are used in nuclear medicine in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. A knowledge of the radiation dose received by different organs in the body is essential to an evaluation of the risks and benefits of any procedure. In this paper, current methods for internal dosimetry are reviewed, as they are applied in nuclear medicine. Particularly, the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) system for dosimetry is explained, and many of its published resources discussed. Available models representing individuals of different age and gender, including those representing the pregnant woman are described; current trends in establishing models for individual patients are also evaluated. The proper design of kinetic studies for establishing radiation doses for radiopharmaceuticals is discussed. An overview of how to use information obtained in a dosimetry study, including that of the effective dose equivalent (ICRP 30) and effective dose (ICRP 60), is given. Current trends and issues in internal dosimetry, including the calculation of patient-specific doses and in the use of small scale and microdosimetry techniques, are also reviewed.
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