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- Ljungberg, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to the Monte Carlo Method
- 2012
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Ingår i: Monte Carlo Calculation in Nuclear Medicine: Applications in Diagnostic Imaging - second edition. ; , s. 1-16
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ljungberg, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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The SIMIND Monte Carlo program
- 2012
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Ingår i: Monte Carlo Calculation in Nuclear Medicine: Applications in Diagnostic Imaging - second edition. ; , s. 111-128
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- af Rosenschöld, Per Munck, et al.
(författare)
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The MCNP Monte Carlo Program
- 2012. - 2nd
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Ingår i: Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine : Applications in Diagnostic Imaging - Applications in Diagnostic Imaging. - : Taylor & Francis. - 9781439841099 - 9781439841105 ; , s. 153-172
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) is a Monte Carlo code package allowing coupled neutron, photon, and electron transport calculations. Also, the possibility of performing heavy charged particle transport calculations was recently introduced with the twin MCNPX code package. An arbitrary three-dimensional problem can be formulated through the use of surfaces defining building blocks (“cells” that are assigned density, material, and relevant cross-section tables. The source can be specified as point, surface, or volumes using generic or as a phase/space file.
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| 5. |
- Garkavij, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Lu-177-[DOTA0,Tyr3] Octreotate Therapy in Patients With Disseminated Neuroendocrine Tumors: Analysis of Dosimetry With Impact on Future Therapeutic Strategy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1097-0142 .- 0008-543X. ; 116:4, s. 1084-1092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Lu-177-(DOTAO,Tyr3) octreotate is a new treatment modality for disseminated neuroendocrine tumors. According to a consensus protocol, the calculated maximally tolerated absorbed dose to the kidney should not exceed 27 Gy. In commonly used dosimetry methods, planar imaging is used for determination of the residence time, whereas the kidney mass is determined from a computed tomography (CT) scan. METHODS: Three different quantification methods were used to evaluate the absorbed dose to the kidneys. The first method involved common planar activity imaging, and the absorbed dose was calculated using the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) formalism, using CT scan-based kidney masses. For this method, 2 region of interest locations for the background correction were investigated. The second method also included single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data, which were used to scale the amplitude of the time-activity curve obtained from planar images. The absorbed dose was calculated as in the planar method. The third method used quantitative SPECT images converted to absorbed dose rate images, where the median absorbed dose rate in the kidneys was calculated in a volume of interest defined over the renal cortex. RESULTS: For some patients, the results showed a large difference in calculated kidney-absorbed doses, depending on the dosimetry method. The 2 SPECT-based methods generally gave consistent values, although the calculations were based on different assumptions. Dosimetry using the baseline planar method gave higher absorbed doses in all patients. The values obtained from planar imaging with a background region of interest placed adjacent to the kidneys were more consistent with dosimetry also including SPECT. For the accumulated tumor absorbed dose, the first 2 of the 4 planned therapy cycles made the major contribution. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that patients evaluated according to the conventional planar-based dosimetry method may have been undertreated compared with the other methods. Hematology and creatinine did not indicate any restriction for a more aggressive approach, which would be especially useful in patients with more aggressive tumors where there is not time for more protracted therapy. Cancer 2010;116(4 suppl):1084-92. (C) 2010 American Cancer Society.
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| 8. |
- Lindén, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Radioimmunotherapy using 131I-labeled anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody (LL2) in patients with previously treated B-cell lymphomas
- 1999
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 5:10 Suppl, s. 3287-3291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experience in using rapidly internalizing antibodies, such as the anti-CD22 antibody, for radioimmunotherapy of B-cell lymphomas is still limited. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy and toxicity of a 131I-labeled anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody (mAb), LL2, in patients with B-cell lymphomas failing first- or second-line chemotherapy. Eligible patients were required to have measurable disease, less than 25% B cells in unseparated bone marrow, and an uptake of 99mTc-labeled LL2Fab' in at least one lymphoma lesion on immunoscintigram. Eight of nine patients examined with immunoscintigraphy were unequivocally found to have an uptake, and therapy with 131I-labeled anti-CD22 [1330 MBq/m2 (36 mCi/m2)] preceded by 20 mg of naked anti-CD22 mAb was administered. Three patients achieved partial remission (duration, 12, 3, and 2 months), and one patient with progressive lymphoma showed stable disease for 17 months. Four patients exhibited progressive disease. The toxicity was hematological. Patients with subnormal counts of neutrophils or platelets before therapy seemed to be more at risk for hematological side effects. Radioimmunotherapy in patients with B-cell lymphomas using 131I-labeled mouse anti-CD22 can induce objective remission in patients with aggressive as well as indolent lymphomas who have failed prior chemotherapy.
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| 9. |
- Ljungberg, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of four scatter correction methods using Monte Carlo simulated source distributions
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505. ; 35:1, s. 143-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scatter correction in SPECT is important for improving image quality, boundary detection and the quantification of activity in different regions. This paper presents a comparison of four scatter correction methods, three using more than one energy window and one convolution-subtraction correction method using spatial variant scatter line-spread functions. METHODS: The comparison is based on Monte Carlo simulated data for point sources on- and off-axis, hot and cold spheres of different diameters, and a clinically realistic source distribution simulating brain imaging. All studies were made for a uniform cylindrical water phantom. Since the nature of the detected photon is known with Monte Carlo simulation, separate images of primary and scattered photons can be recorded. These can then be compared with estimated scatter and primary images obtained from the different scatter correction methods. The criteria for comparison were the normalized mean square error, scatter fraction, % recovery and image contrast. RESULTS: All correction methods significantly improved image quality and quantification compared to those obtained with no correction. Quantitatively, no single method was observed to be the best by all criteria for all the source distributions. Three of the methods were observed to perform the best by at least one of the criteria for one of the source distributions. For brain imaging, the differences between all the methods were much less than the difference between them and no correction at all. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that performing scatter correction is essential for accurate quantification, and that all four methods yield a good, but not perfect, scatter correction. Since it is hard to distinguish the methods consistently in terms of their performance, it may be that the choice should be made on the basis of ease of implementation.
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