| 1. |
- Lionikas, Arimantas, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic Analysis of Variation in Hindlimb Musculature of Mice from the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Lineage
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Heredity. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1503 .- 1465-7333. ; 101:3, s. 360-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The precise locations of attachment points of muscle to bone-the origin and insertion sites-are crucial anatomical and functional characteristics that influence locomotor performance. Mechanisms that control the development of these interactions between muscle, tendon, and bone are currently not well understood. In a subset of BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains derived from the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains, we observed a soleus femoral attachment anomaly (SFAA) that was rare in both parental strains (Lionikas, Glover et al. 2006). The aim of the present study was to assess suitability of SFAA as a model to study the genetic mechanisms underlying variation in musculoskeletal anatomy. We scored the incidence of SFAA in 55 BXD strains (n = 9 to 136, median = 26, phenotyped animals per strain, for a total number of 2367). Seven strains (BXD1, 12, 38, 43, 48, 54, and 56) exhibited a high incidence of unilateral SFAA (47-89%), whereas 23 strains scored 0%. Exploration of the mechanisms underlying SFAA in 2 high incidence strains, BXD1 and BXD38, indicated that SFAA-relevant genes are to be found in both C57BL/6J and DBA/2J regions of the BXD1 genome. However, not all alleles relevant for the expression of the phenotype were shared between the 2 high-incidence BXD strains. In conclusion, the anatomical origin of the soleus muscle in mouse is controlled by a polygenic system. A panel of BXD RI strains is a useful tool in exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying SFAA and improving our understanding of musculoskeletal development.
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| 2. |
- Pu, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
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Responses of soil carbon and nitrogen to successive land use conversion in seasonally frozen zones
- 2015
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Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 387:1-2, s. 117-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Policy-oriented successive land use conversion intensively occurred in seasonally frozen zones of China during the past five decades. However, responses of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to land use conversion under cold temperate climates are not fully understood. The objective was to characterize C and N variations following a succession of forest, dryland and paddy. Soil cores were collected for 6 layers with a 10 cm increment from three adjacent chronosequences to determine concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen (HN). Analysis of variance with multivariate general linear model was operated on data sets. Significant losses of SOC and TN storages subject to land use conversion were merely confined within 0 - 10 cm layer, decreasing by 16 % and 38 % for forest to dryland and by 23 % and 43 % for forest to paddy, respectively. Cultivation also influenced SOC and TN stocks at 20 - 40 cm depth for dryland and 20 - 60 cm depth for paddy with increases by 38 Mg C ha(-1) and 2.8 Mg N ha(-1) for forest to dryland, and by 56 Mg C ha(-1) and 4.1 Mg N ha(-1) for forest to paddy, respectively. Successive land use conversion from forest to cropland affected C and N levels in deeper layers, demonstrating the high potentials of subsoil in sequestrating C and N. The extents of cultivation-induced SOC and TN redistribution along soil profile varied among different agricultural systems. DOC and HN changes interpreted SOC and TN changes with land use, presenting high involvements of soluble compartments in SOC and TN variations. The net variation in SOC/TN ratio effectively indicated C and N changes when dryland was converted to paddy.
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| 3. |
- Pu, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
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Indications of soil properties on dissolved organic carbon variability following a successive land use conversion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ecological Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0925-8574 .- 1872-6992. ; 117, s. 115-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In seasonal freeze-thaw zones of NE China, the policy-oriented land management has caused successive land use conversions of native woodland, dry cropland and paddy field for food security. Controls of soil property factors on soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics might vary with deforestation. This study aimed to test performance of soil properties interpreting DOC variability along soil profile following a vegetation succession of native forest, rainfed crops (maize-soybean rotations) and paddy rice in an observation area of the Sanjiang Plain. The linear mixed effects model evaluated relative importance of soil properties with comparisons of adjusting and not adjusting for random effects of land use and soil depth as subject variables. The modeling results revealed presence of consistent soil property factors indicating DOC dynamics before and after deforestation. When excluding interferences of land uses and soil layers, interpretations of soil properties were weakened. Soil moisture and bulk density predominantly accounted for DOC variability across land uses, presenting greater estimated effects (0.69 and -0.64, respectively) over those of total nitrogen, soil organic carbon and hydrolyzable nitrogen (0.49, 0.44 and 0.31, respectively). But no soil property factor indicated DOC variability with soil depth. Further research is needed to understand why indications of soil moisture and bulk density on DOC dynamics would differ between horizontal and vertical.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Yuhuai, et al.
(författare)
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Microplastics in soil can increase nutrient uptake by wheat
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3894. ; 438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microplastics can perturb microbial nutrient-mining strategies. However, the mechanism by which microplastics affect the resource-acquisition strategies of crops in agricultural systems remains unknown. The nutrient-acquisition potential of crops and microbes was investigated under treatments with two common microplastics (polyethylene [PE] and polyvinyl chloride [PVC]) at 0%, 1%, and 5% (w/w). Different root resource-acquisition strategies disturbed microbial nutrient turnover in the rhizosphere in response to microplastic addition. Specifically, the β-1,4-glucosidase (BG) hotspot expanded, whereas the rhizosphere expansion of BG activity decreased. A decrease of less than PE1% (w/w) and an expansion of less than PE5% (w/w) in the 1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) hotspot with wider rhizosphere expansion of NAG activity indicated that higher doses of PE allow roots to uptake additional N. The phosphomonoesterase (PHOS) hotspot decreased in PE1% (w/w) and expanded in PE5% (w/w), but rhizosphere expansion did not change under PE treatments. However, both NAG and PHOS hotspots expanded with decreasing rhizosphere expansion under PVC treatments, indicating that PVC limits the utilization of available N and P, forcing the crop to obtain nutrients from the narrow root zone. These results indicate that adding PE microplastics increases the demand for and consumption of NH4+-N and NO3--N by wheat.
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| 5. |
- Potapov, Anton M., et al.
(författare)
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Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning.
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| 6. |
- Groenen, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 491:7424, s. 393-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars approximately 1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model.
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| 7. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental results, integrated model validation, and economic aspects of agrivoltaic systems at northern latitudes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agrivoltaic systems, which allow the coexistence of crop and electricity production on the same land, are an integrated water–energy–food nexus solution that allows the simultaneous attainment of conflicting Sustainable Development Goals. This study aims to analyse experimental results on the responses of ley grass yield and quality to shadings in the first agrivoltaic system in Sweden. It also aims to validate an integrated modelling platform for assessing agrivoltaic systems' performances before installation. An economic analysis is carried out to compare the profitability of agrivoltaic versus conventional ground-mounted photovoltaic systems and, using a Monte Carlo Analysis, to identify the parameters that most affect the profitability. Despite the agrivoltaic systems’ supporting structures and photovoltaic modules producing an average ∼25% reduction in photosynthetically active radiation at ground level, no statistically significant difference was observed between the yield of the samples under the agrivoltaic system compared to the yield of the samples in the reference area. The agrivoltaic system attained land equivalent ratios of 1.27 and 1.39 in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The validation results of the integrated modelling platform show that the sub-model concerning the crop yield response to shading conditions tends to underestimate ∼7% the actual average crop yield under the agrivoltaic system. The results of the economic analysis show that, from a net present value perspective, agrivoltaic systems have a profitability that is ∼30 times higher than a conventional crop rotation in Sweden.
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| 8. |
- Fei, Mingliang, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation of Rice to the Nordic Climate Yields Potential for Rice Cultivation at Most Northerly Site and the Organic Production of Low-Arsenic and High-Protein Rice
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent demand for low-arsenic rice in the global market, particularly for consumption by small children. Soils in Uppsala, Sweden, contain low concentrations of arsenic (As). We hypothesize that if certain japonica paddy rice varieties can adapt to the cold climate and long day length in Uppsala and produce normal grains, such a variety could be used for organic production of low-arsenic rice for safe rice consumption. A japonica paddy rice variety, "Heijing 5," can be cultivated in Uppsala, Sweden, after several years' adaptation, provided that the rice plants are kept under a simple plastic cover when the temperature is below 10 degrees C. Uppsala-adapted "Heijing 5" has a low concentration of 0.1 mg per kg and high protein content of 12.6% per dry weight in brown rice grain, meaning that it thus complies with all dietary requirements determined by the EU and other countries for small children. The high protein content is particularly good for small children in terms of nutrition. Theoretically, Uppsala-adapted "Heijing 5" can produce a yield of around 5100 kg per ha, and it has a potential for organic production. In addition, we speculate that cultivation of paddy rice can remove nitrogen and phosphorus from Swedish river water and reduce nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea and associated algae blooms.
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| 9. |
- Gravgaard Askjær, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-centennial Holocene climate variability in proxy records and transient model simulations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variability on centennial to multi-centennial timescales is mentioned as a feature in reconstructions of the Holocene climate. As more long transient model simulations with complex climate models become available and efforts have been made to compile large proxy databases, there is now a unique opportunity to study multi-centennial variability with greater detail and a large amount of data than earlier. This paper presents a spectral analysis of transient Holocene simulations from 9 models and 120 proxy records to find the common signals related to oscillation periods and geographic dependencies and discuss the implications for the potential driving mechanisms. Multi-centennial variability is significant in most proxy records, with the dominant oscillation periods around 120–130 years and an average of 240 years. Spectra of model-based global mean temperature (GMT) agree well with proxy evidence with significant multi-centennial variability in all simulations with the dominant oscillation periods around 120–150 years. It indicates a comparatively good agreement between model and proxy data. A lack of latitudinal dependencies in terms of oscillation period is found in both the model and proxy data. However, all model simulations have the highest spectral density distributed over the Northern hemisphere high latitudes, which could indicate a particular variability sensitivity or potential driving mechanisms in this region. Five models also have differentiated forcings simulations with various combinations of forcing agents. Significant multi-centennial variability with oscillation periods between 100 and 200 years is found in all forcing scenarios, including those with only orbital forcing. The different forcings induce some variability in the system. Yet, none appear to be the predominant driver based on the spectral analysis. Solar irradiance has long been hypothesized to be a primary driver of multi-centennial variability. However, all the simulations without this forcing have shown significant multi-centennial variability. The results then indicate that internal mechanisms operate on multi-centennial timescales, and the North Atlantic-Arctic is a region of interest for this aspect.
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| 10. |
- Han, Xu, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Developments on Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery Neueste Entwicklungen bei Tensiden für die Enhanced Oil Recovery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tenside, Surfactants, Detergents. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0932-3414 .- 2195-8564. ; 58:3, s. 164-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review discusses surfactants used for chemical flooding, including surfactant-polymer flooding and alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding. The review, unlike most previous reviews in the field, has a surfactant focus, not a focus on the flooding process. It deals with recent results, mainly from 2010 and onward. Older literature is referred to when needed in order to put more recent findings into a perspective.
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