| 1. |
- Larsson, J.K., et al.
(författare)
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Extensive introduction of ultra high strength steels sets new standards for welding in the body shop
- 2009
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Ingår i: Welding in the World. - 0043-2288 .- 1878-6669. ; 53, s. s.4-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to meet upcoming legislative demands regarding acceptable levels of C02 emissions and to contribute to the fight against global warming, while also meeting customer expectations of reduced fuel consumption, all automotive OEMs are today focusing on lightweight engineering. Some of them, mainly low volume premium brands, have chosen to introduce fairly expensive lightweight materials such as aluminium and magnesium to meet these targets, whereas the main portion of high volume producers are trying to optimize the classic steel concept by introducing different grades of advanced high strength steels. Volvo Cars has decided upon a unique utilization of hot-formed, press-hardened, ultra high strength steel components featuring tensile strength levels in the order of 1 500 MPa, but on the other hand, producing these parts in very thin gauges for weight saving reasons. The first product launched according to this ultra high strength steel intensive concept was the 2008YM version of the Volvo V70 and its sibling, the cross-country version XC70, both built on the EuCD platform. The body contains several parts manufactured by hot-forming and press-hardening. The extensive use of this type of Boron alloyed steel challenged all welding methods commonly used in car body manufacturing, not least, traditional resistance spot welding. This paper will address the following topics: overview of the V70 body structure and utilization of materials, a brief description of the hot-forming, press-hardening process, the procedure for validating weldability before going into series production, lessons learnt from resistance spot welding trials of material combinations involving one or more boron alloyed steel parts, and recommendations for default welding data, influence on the manufacturing system, introducing electro-servo welding guns, adaptive weld timers and ultrasonic non-destructive weld quality checking, necessary revisions of existing spot weld requirements. The presentation will end with a glimpse at perspectives for future welding challenges in Volvo body shops, as the need for further weight saving will promote a considerable introduction of various new grades of advanced high strength steels.
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| 3. |
- Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust : a nested case-control study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 112:14, s. 1393-1397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global phthalate ester production has increased from very low levels at the end of World War II to approximately 3.5 million metric tons/year. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential associations between persistent allergic symptoms in children, which have increased markedly in developed countries over the past three decades, and the concentration of phthalates in dust collected from their homes. This investigation is a case-control study nested within a cohort of 10,852 children. From the cohort, we selected 198 cases with persistent allergic symptoms and 202 controls without allergic symptoms. A clinical and a technical team investigated each child and her or his environment. We found higher median concentrations of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) in dust among cases than among controls (0.15 vs. 0.12 mg/g dust). Analyzing the case group by symptoms showed that BBzP was associated with rhinitis (p = 0.001) and eczema (p = 0.001), whereas di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was associated with asthma (p = 0.022). Furthermore, dose-response relationships for these associations are supported by trend analyses. This study shows that phthalates, within the range of what is normally found in indoor environments, are associated with allergic symptoms in children. We believe that the different associations of symptoms for the three major phthalates-BBzP, DEHP, and di-n-butyl phthalate-can be explained by a combination of chemical physical properties and toxicologic potential. Given the phthalate exposures of children worldwide, the results from this study of Swedish children have global implications.
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| 6. |
- Habibovic, Azra, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating interactions with non-existing automated vehicles: three Wizard of Oz approaches
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 9781509018215 - 9781509018222 ; , s. 32-37
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly automated test vehicles are rare today, and (independent) researchers have often limited access to them. Also, developing fully functioning system prototypes is time and effort consuming. In this paper, we present three adaptions of the Wizard of Oz technique as a means of gathering data about interactions with highly automated vehicles in early development phases. Two of them address interactions between drivers and highly automated vehicles, while the third one is adapted to address interactions between pedestrians and highly automated vehicles. The focus is on the experimental methodology adaptations and our lessons learned.
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| 7. |
- Holmgren, Jan, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Development and preclinical evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of an oral ETEC vaccine containing inactivated E. coli bacteria overexpressing colonization factors CFA/I, CS3, CS5 and CS6 combined with a hybrid LT/CT B subunit antigen, administered alone and together with dmLT adjuvant
- 2013
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 31:20, s. 2457-2464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A first-generation oral inactivated whole-cell enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine, comprising formalin-killed ETEC bacteria expressing different colonization factor (CF) antigens combined with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), when tested in phase III studies did not significantly reduce overall (generally mild) ETEC diarrhea in travelers or children although it reduced more severe ETEC diarrhea in travelers by almost 80%. We have now developed a novel more immunogenic ETEC vaccine based on recombinant non-toxigenic E. coli strains engineered to express increased amounts of CF antigens, including CS6 as well as an ETEC-based B subunit protein (LCTB. A), and the optional combination with a nontoxic double-mutant heat-labile toxin (LT) molecule (dmLT) as an adjuvant.Two test vaccines were prepared under GMP: (1) A prototype E. coli CFA/I-only formalin-killed whole-cell. +. LCTB. A vaccine, and (2) A "complete" inactivated multivalent ETEC-CF (CFA/I, CS3, CS5 and CS6 antigens) whole-cell. +. LCTB. A vaccine. These vaccines, when given intragastrically alone or together with dmLT in mice, were well tolerated and induced strong intestinal-mucosal IgA antibody responses as well as serum IgG and IgA responses to each of the vaccine CF antigens as well as to LT B subunit (LTB). Both mucosal and serum responses were further enhanced (adjuvanted) when the vaccines were co-administered with dmLT. We conclude that the new multivalent oral ETEC vaccine, both alone and especially in combination with the dmLT adjuvant, shows great promise for further testing in humans.
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| 8. |
- Lundgren, Birgit, et al.
(författare)
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Extruded wheat flour: Flavour and texture-comparison of evaluations by two laboratories
- 1991
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 3:1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intensities of flavour and texture attributes of 23 extruded wheat flour samples were evaluated by two laboratory panels in Sweden and in the UK. For most attributes good agreement between the two panels was obtained. Discrepancies were considered to be caused by inadequate definition of the terms. © 1992.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lundgren, Sarah M., et al.
(författare)
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The influence of water on the adsorption and the tribological properties of unsaturated fatty acids in alkane solution
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part J, journal of engineering tribology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1350-6501 .- 2041-305X. ; 225:10, s. 1048-1055
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The moisture uptake of the three unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid has been investigated. The amount of water absorbed by the fatty acids increased with increasing degree of unsaturation. The influence of the water on the adsorption onto steel and lubricating properties of the fatty acid in hexadecane was investigated. The adsorption, as determined with quartz crystal microbalance of 0.1 and 1 wt% of oleic acid onto steel was not affected by the presence of water (1.5 mole% water in fatty acid) while 5.6 mole% water enhanced the adsorbed amount of linolenic acid. Even though this amount of water had a large influence on the adsorption of linolenic acid, it did not affect the friction and wear measured with high frequency reciprocating rig using oleic acid or linolenic acid in hexadecane.
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