| 1. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal dietary selenium intake is associated with increased gestational length and decreased risk of preterm delivery
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 123:2, s. 209-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first positive genome-wide association study on gestational length and preterm delivery showed associations with a gene involved in the selenium metabolism. In this study we examine the associations between maternal intake of selenium and selenium status with gestational length and preterm delivery in 72,025 women with singleton live births from the population based, prospective Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A self-reported, semi-quantitativ food-frequency questionnaire answered in pregnancy week 22 was used to estimate selenium intake during the first half of pregnancy. Associations were analysed with adjusted linear and cox regressions. Selenium status was assessed in whole blood collected in gestational week 17 (n=2,637). Median dietary selenium intake was 53 (IQR: 44-62) μg/day, supplements provided additionally 50 (30-75) μg/day for supplement-users (n=23,409). Maternal dietary selenium intake was significantly associated with prolonged gestational length (β per SD=0.25, 95% CI=0.07-0.43) and decreased risk for preterm delivery (n=3,618, HR per SD=0.92, 95% CI=0.87-0.98). Neither selenium intake from supplements nor maternal blood selenium status was associated with gestational length or preterm delivery. Hence, this study showed that maternal dietary selenium intake, but not intake of selenium containing supplements, during the first half of pregnancy was significantly associated with decreased risk for preterm delivery. Further investigations, preferably in the form of a large RCT, are needed to elucidate the impact of selenium on pregnancy duration.
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| 2. |
- Barregård, Lars, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium, mercury, and lead in kidney cortex of living kidney donors: Impact of different exposure sources.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0953 .- 0013-9351. ; 110:1, s. 47-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most current knowledge on kidney concentrations of nephrotoxic metals like cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), or lead (Pb) comes from autopsy studies. Assessment of metal concentrations in kidney biopsies from living subjects can be combined with information about exposure sources like smoking, diet, and occupation supplied by the biopsied subjects themselves. OBJECTIVES: To determine kidney concentrations of Cd, Hg, and Pb in living kidney donors, and assess associations with common exposure sources and background factors. METHODS: Metal concentrations were determined in 109 living kidney donors aged 24-70 years (median 51), using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (Cd and Pb) and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (Hg). Smoking habits, occupation, dental amalgam, fish consumption, and iron stores were evaluated. RESULTS: The median kidney concentrations were 12.9microg/g (wet weight) for cadmium, 0.21microg/g for mercury, and 0.08microg/g for lead. Kidney Cd increased by 3.9microg/g for a 10 year increase in age, and by 3.7microg/g for an extra 10 pack-years of smoking. Levels in non-smokers were similar to those found in the 1970s. Low iron stores (low serum ferritin) in women increased kidney Cd by 4.5microg/g. Kidney Hg increased by 6% for every additional amalgam surface, but was not associated with fish consumption. Lead was unaffected by the background factors surveyed. CONCLUSIONS: In Sweden, kidney Cd levels have decreased due to less smoking, while the impact of diet seems unchanged. Dental amalgam is the main determinant of kidney Hg. Kidney Pb levels are very low due to decreased exposure.
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| 3. |
- Cvijovic, Marija, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for structuring interdisciplinary education in systems biology: An European perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: npj Systems Biology and Applications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2056-7189. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems Biology is an approach to biology and medicine that has the potential to lead to a better understanding of how biological properties emerge from the interaction of genes, proteins, molecules, cells and organisms. The approach aims at elucidating how these interactions govern biological function by employing experimental data, mathematical models and computational simulations. As Systems Biology is inherently multidisciplinary, education within this field meets numerous hurdles including departmental barriers, availability of all required expertise locally, appropriate teaching material and example curricula. As university education at the Bachelor’s level is traditionally built upon disciplinary degrees, we believe that the most effective way to implement education in Systems Biology would be at the Master’s level, as it offers a more flexible framework. Our team of experts and active performers of Systems Biology education suggest here (i) a definition of the skills that students should acquire within a Master’s programme in Systems Biology, (ii) a possible basic educational curriculum with flexibility to adjust to different application areas and local research strengths, (iii) a description of possible career paths for students who undergo such an education, (iv) conditions that should improve the recruitment of students to such programmes and (v) mechanisms for collaboration and excellence spreading among education professionals. With the growing interest of industry in applying Systems Biology approaches in their fields, a concerted action between academia and industry is needed to build this expertise. Here we present a reflection of the European situation and expertise, where most of the challenges we discuss are universal, anticipating that our suggestions will be useful internationally. We believe that one of the overriding goals of any Systems Biology education should be a student’s ability to phrase and communicate research questions in such a manner that they can be solved by the integration of experiments and modelling, as well as to communicate and collaborate productively across different experimental and theoretical disciplines in research and development.
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| 4. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting regional COVID-19 hospital admissions in Sweden using mobility data.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transmission of COVID-19 is dependent on social mixing, the basic rate of which varies with sociodemographic, cultural, and geographic factors. Alterations in social mixing and subsequent changes in transmission dynamics eventually affect hospital admissions. We employ these observations to model and predict regional hospital admissions in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use an SEIR-model for each region in Sweden in which the social mixing is assumed to depend on mobility data from public transport utilisation and locations for mobile phone usage. The results show that the model could capture the timing of the first and beginning of the second wave of the pandemic 3 weeks in advance without any additional assumptions about seasonality. Further, we show that for two major regions of Sweden, models with public transport data outperform models using mobile phone usage. We conclude that a model based on routinely collected mobility data makes it possible to predict future hospital admissions for COVID-19 3 weeks in advance.
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| 5. |
- Lützhöft, Margareta, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Onboard ship management overview system - an information sharing system on board
- 2013
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Institute of Naval Architects. - 0035-8967. ; 155:C1, s. 11-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to increasing information and communication systems on board ships, we recognise that communication within the she ship and between ships or ship-shore must be optimised. With fewer crew members on-board coordination is more important and the voyage management can be optimised for demands on for example energy efficiency, safety and on-board resource use and availability (e.g. crew members). A pilot study shows that large interactive surfaces have promise for supporting the coordination of the voyage planning and execution.
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| 6. |
- MacKinnon, Scott, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Command and Control of Unmanned Vessels: Keeping Shore Based Operators in-the-Loop
- 2015
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Ingår i: 18th International Conference on Ships and Shipping Research. - 9788894055719 ; , s. 612-619
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future developments specific to the sustainability of the global shipping and transportation industries need to be revolutionary; whether pressured by economic survival or a result of a natural evolution driven by socio-technical realities. Concepts regarding E-navigation and unmanned vessels are only several technological solutions away from operational realities. Conventional thinking suggests that we augment operator decision making with artificially intelligent support systems. Whether these technologies keep the operator “in-the-loop” or diminish overall situation awareness remains to be seen and is dependent upon the quality and robustness of the Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) to monitor and control the automation systems. Automation of a control system, notwithstanding best of the developer(s)’ intentions, is not fail-proof. A sudden failure of a highly complex system, whose “artificial intelligence” is not transparent to the operator, may prove beyond the cognitive means of a highly stressed (cognitive overloaded) operator to troubleshoot the situation and recover on time. This paper examines the state of operator situation awareness in monitoring several vessels as part of a Shore-based Control Centre, the hub of an autonomous, unmanned vessel concept.
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| 7. |
- Man, Yemao, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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From desk to field - Human factor issues in remote monitoring and controlling of autonomous unmanned vessels
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 3, s. 2674-2681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous vehicle and drones have become more popular in recent years whereas unmanned merchant vessels remain a less-matured concept. The MUNIN project examines the feasibility of autonomous unmanned vessel that is concurrently monitored by an operator onshore. Previous research suggests maintaining adequate situation awareness as a primary challenge related to human-center automation. The purpose of this study was to identify the human factor issues in remote monitoring and controlling of autonomous unmanned vessels through scenario-based trials by four master mariners and a ship engineer. The literature review and fieldwork data identified gaps in the current system corresponding with changes in a harmony framework, suggesting aspects on which the design could be improved to enhance operator’s situation awareness and regain harmony onshore.
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| 8. |
- Man, Yemao, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Seeking harmony in shore-based unmanned ship handling – From the perspective of human factors, what is the difference we need to focus on from being onboard to onshore?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human Factors in Transportation: Human Factors in Transportation Social and Technological Evolution Across Maritime, Road, Rail, and Aviation Domains. - : CRC Press. - 9781315370460 ; , s. 61-70
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous studies have discovered that the tacit but indispensable “ship sense” from seafarers is intensively involved in creating and maintaining “harmony” to assure the safety. The concept of “harmony” reveals the continuous balanced effect by tuning the ship to the dynamic environment under different situations that ship handlers strive for. While the notions of ship sense and harmony is originally created for onboard ship maneuvering, this paper extends it to the domain of shore-based control centers for unmanned ship handling from the perspective of human factors. With the loss of direct ship-sense, the harmony is also lost. This paper analyzes the challenges from having the operator onboard to onshore during ship maneuvering and explores the changing aspects of human factors we need to focus on, in order to facilitate shore-based ship-handlers to regain the harmony. The EU project Maritime Unmanned Ship though Intelligence in Networks (MUNIN) provides the context to conduct the focus group interview of participants with seagoing experience. The shifted human factors in shore-based unmanned ship handling are discussed. The results highlight several differential aspects in human factors that should be considered, such as situation awareness. It provides keys to design shore-based control center for remote monitoring and control in accordance with user-centered design principles.
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| 9. |
- Solé Navais, Pol, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal dietary selenium intake during pregnancy is associated with higher birth weight and lower risk of small for gestational age births in the norwegian mother, father and child cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 13:1, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selenium is an essential trace element involved in the body’s redox reactions. Low selenium intake during pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight and an increased risk of children being born small for gestational age (SGA). Based on data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), we studied the association of maternal selenium intake from diet and supplements during the first half of pregnancy (n = 71,728 women) and selenium status in mid-pregnancy (n = 2628 women) with birth weight and SGA status, according to population-based, ultrasound-based and customized growth standards. An increase of one standard deviation of maternal dietary selenium intake was associated with increased birth weight z-scores (ß = 0.027, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.041) and lower SGA risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86, 0.97) after adjusting for confounders. Maternal organic and inorganic selenium intake from supplements as well as whole blood selenium concentration were not associated with birth weight or SGA. Our results suggest that a maternal diet rich in selenium during pregnancy may be beneficial for foetal growth. However, the effect estimates were small and further studies are needed to elucidate the potential impact of selenium on foetal growth.
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| 10. |
- Valdez Banda, Osiris, et al.
(författare)
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Towards holistic performance-based conceptual design of Arctic cargo ships
- 2018
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Ingår i: Marine Design XIII. ; 2, s. 831-839
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an extension of an earlier presented framework for use in the conceptual design of Arctic cargo ships. To enable a holistic approach, the framework integrates a wide range of performance assessment tools and methods namely (a) Discrete Event Simulation (DES) based Monte Carlo simulations, (b) system thinking, and (c) empirical data analysis. The thinking behind the framework is demonstrated by discussing how it could be applied to assess the design impact of four specific technologies: (1) a ‘Biomimetic anti-icing coating’, (2) a ‘Safe Arctic bridge’ using augmented reality (AR) technology for improved situation awareness,(3) a ‘Arctic voyage planning tool’ using Big data analysis, and (4) the use of low flash point fuels’ in the Arctic.
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