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- Juslin, Patrik N, et al.
(author)
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The role of timing patterns in recognition of emotional expression from musical performance
- 1999
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In: MUSIC PERCEPTION. - 0730-7829. ; 17:2, s. 197-221
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to explore whether listeners can use timing patterns to decode the intended emotional expression of musical performances. We gradually removed different expressive cues (tempo, dynamics, timing, articulation) from piano performances rendered with various intended expressions (anger, sadness, happiness, fear) to see how such manipulations would affect a listener's ability to decode the emotional expression. The results show that (a) removing the timing patterns yielded a significant decrease in listeners' decoding accuracy, (b) timing patterns were by themselves capable of communicating some emotions with acuracy better than chance, and (c) timing patterns were less effective in communicating emotions than were tempo and dynamics. Implications for research on timing are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Madison, Guy
(author)
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Acuity as a function of interonset interval
- 1998
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In: Time and timing in neural systems. Satellite symposium to 1998 Forum meeting of European Neuroscience. - : Strzekecino, Poland: Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology. ; , s. 16-18
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Consistency in listeners’ ratings as a function of listening time
- 2003
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In: Proceedings of the Stockholm music acoustics conference. - Stockholm : Royal College of Technology. ; , s. 639-642
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examined the consistency and similarity of adjective ratings of 10 music examples (ME) across 7 different example durations. Although the effect of ME was generally statistically significant for all 14 adjectives and all durations from 0.5 to 16s, the agreement between the relative ratings of MEs was poor for some adjectives. Consistency, in terms of F ratios, did not increase with duration, which seems to contradict the hypothesis that more information entails better judgements. We discuss possible explanations for these results, and conclude that further examination of the validity of adjective ratings is warranted.
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| 6. |
- Madison, Guy
(author)
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Detection of linear temporal drift in sound sequences: empirical data and modelling principles
- 2004
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In: Acta Psychol (Amst). - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-6918. ; 117:1, s. 95-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three experiments determined the perceptual threshold (JND) for detecting tempo change; i.e. linear continuous increase or decrease in inter onset interval (IOI) in sequences with 2-9 brief sounds. JND decreased as a power function of the number of intervals presented (Expt. 1). JND increased with IOI and exhibited breakpoints in this respect close to 1 and 1.4 s (Expt. 3), in agreement with previous results for serial interval production. No interaction was apparent between IOI and number of intervals (Expt. 2). None of the experiments showed any effect of direction (increasing or decreasing intervals). The results are inconsistent with several conceivable principles for perceiving tempo change, except for one in which the external intervals are compared with the intervals generated by an internal, periodic process. The plausibility of this principle is discussed in the light of recent research on sensorimotor synchronisation.
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- Madison, Guy
(author)
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Fractal modelling of isochronous serial interval production
- 2004
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In: Biological Cybernetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-1200 .- 1432-0770. ; 90, s. 105-112
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Hurst exponent (H) was estimated for series of 256 time intervals produced by human participants, collected in 5 sessions performed on different days. Each series was obtained during the continuation phase following synchronization with 25 isochronous intervals generated by a computer and presented through headphones. Dispersional analysis yielded estimates of H > 0.5. These were sufficiently stable to yield statistically significant differences between participants and between each target interval duration (0.5, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.5 s). The results indicate that variability in isochronous serial interval production (ISIP) can be modeled as fractional Gaussian noise, which corroborates and qualifies previous research indicating positive serial dependency or long memory in ISIP data in terms of drift and 1/ f noise characteristics. It is concluded that ISIP is a more complex process than is assumed by influential timing models and theories, and that realistic modeling of human timing must account for nonlinear variability patterns.
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| 9. |
- Madison, Guy
(author)
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Functional modelling of the human timing mechanism
- 2001
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Behaviour occurs in time, and precise timing in the range of seconds and fractions of seconds is for most living organisms necessary for successful interaction with the environment. Our ability to time discrete actions and to predict events on the basis of prior events indicates the existence of an internal timing mechanism. The nature of this mechanism provides essential constraints on models of the functional organisation of the brain. The present work indicates that there are discontinuities in the function of time close to 1 s and 1.4 s, both in the amount of drift in a series of produced intervals (Study I) and in the detectability of drift in a series of sounds (Study II). The similarities across different tasks further suggest that action and perceptual judgements are governed by the same (kind of) mechanism. Study III showed that series of produced intervals could be characterised by different amounts of positive fractal dependency related to the aforementioned discontinuities. In conjunction with other findings in the literature, these results suggest that timing of intervals up to a few seconds is strongly dependent on previous intervals and on the duration to be timed. This argues against a clock-counter mechanism, as proposed by scalar timing theory, according to which successive intervals are random and the size of the timing error conforms to Weber's law. A functional model is proposed, expressed in an autoregressive framework, which consists of a single-interval timer with error corrective feedback. The duration-specificity of the proposed model is derived from the order of error correction, as determined by a semi-flexible temporal integration span.
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| 10. |
- Madison, Guy, et al.
(author)
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Human sensorimotor tracking of continuous subliminal deviations from isochrony
- 2004
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In: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940. ; 370, s. 69-73
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- We show that people continuously react to time perturbations in the range 3-96 ms in otherwise isochronous sound sequences. Musically trained and untrained participants were asked to synchronise with a sequence of sounds, and these two groups performed almost equally below the threshold for conscious detection of the deviations. Above this threshold the motor reactions accounted for a larger proportion of the stimulus deviations for musically trained participants.
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