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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Silva-Tamayo, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Global perturbation of the marine calcium cycle during the Permian-Triassic transition
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geological Society of America Bulletin. - 0016-7606. ; 130:7-8, s. 1323-1338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A negative shift in the calcium isotopiccomposition of marine carbonate rocksspanning the end-Permian extinction horizonin South China has been used to arguefor an ocean acidification event coincidentwith mass extinction. This interpretationhas proven controversial, both because theexcursion has not been demonstrated acrossmultiple, widely separated localities, and becausemodeling results of coupled carbon andcalcium isotope records illustrate that calciumcycle imbalances alone cannot accountfor the full magnitude of the isotope excursion.Here, we further test potential controlson the Permian-Triassic calcium isotoperecord by measuring calcium isotope ratiosfrom shallow-marine carbonate successionsspanning the Permian-Triassic boundary inTurkey, Italy, and Oman. All measured sectionsdisplay negative shifts in δ44/40Ca of upto 0.6‰. Consistency in the direction, magnitude,and timing of the calcium isotope excursionacross these widely separated localitiesimplies a primary and global δ44/40Ca signature.Based on the results of a coupled boxmodel of the geological carbon and calciumcycles, we interpret the excursion to reflect aseries of consequences arising from volcanicCO2 release, including a temporary decreasein seawater δ44/40Ca due to short-lived oceanacidification and a more protracted increasein calcium isotope fractionation associatedwith a shift toward more primary aragonitein the sediment and, potentially, subsequentlyelevated carbonate saturation statescaused by the persistence of elevated CO2delivery from volcanism. Locally, changingbalances between aragonite and calcite productionare sufficient to account for the calciumisotope excursions, but this effect alonedoes not explain the globally observed negativeexcursion in the δ13C values of carbonatesediments and organic matter as well. Onlya carbon release event and related geochemicalconsequences are consistent both withcalcium and carbon isotope data. The carbonrelease scenario can also account for oxygenisotope evidence for dramatic and protractedglobal warming as well as paleontologicalevidencefor the preferential extinction ofmarine animals most susceptible to acidification,warming, and anoxia.
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| 3. |
- Yang, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer risks associated with germline PALB2 pathogenic variants : An international study of 524 families
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X. ; 38:7, s. 674-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE To estimate age-specific relative and absolute cancer risks of breast cancer and to estimate risks of ovarian, pancreatic, male breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers associated with germline PALB2 pathogenic variants (PVs) because these risks have not been extensively characterized. METHODS We analyzed data from 524 families with PALB2 PVs from 21 countries. Complex segregation analysis was used to estimate relative risks (RRs; relative to country-specific population incidences) and absolute risks of cancers. The models allowed for residual familial aggregation of breast and ovarian cancer and were adjusted for the family-specific ascertainment schemes. RESULTS We found associations between PALB2 PVs and risk of female breast cancer (RR, 7.18; 95% CI, 5.82 to 8.85; P = 6.5 × 10-76), ovarian cancer (RR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.40 to 6.04; P = 4.1 × 10-3), pancreatic cancer (RR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.50; P = 8.7 × 10-3), and male breast cancer (RR, 7.34; 95% CI, 1.28 to 42.18; P = 2.6 3 1022). There was no evidence for increased risks of prostate or colorectal cancer. The breast cancer RRs declined with age (P for trend = 2.0 × 10-3). After adjusting for family ascertainment, breast cancer risk estimates on the basis of multiple case families were similar to the estimates from families ascertained through population-based studies (P for difference = .41). On the basis of the combined data, the estimated risks to age 80 years were 53% (95% CI, 44% to 63%) for female breast cancer, 5% (95% CI, 2% to 10%) for ovarian cancer, 2%-3% (95% CI females, 1% to 4%; 95% CI males, 2% to 5%) for pancreatic cancer, and 1% (95% CI, 0.2% to 5%) for male breast cancer. CONCLUSION These results confirm PALB2 as a major breast cancer susceptibility gene and establish substantial associations between germline PALB2 PVs and ovarian, pancreatic, and male breast cancers. These findings will facilitate incorporation of PALB2 into risk prediction models and optimize the clinical cancer risk management of PALB2 PV carriers.
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| 4. |
- Bjordal, K, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaire module to be used in quality of life assessments in head and neck cancer patients. EORTC Quality of Life Study Group
- 1994
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 33:8, s. 879-885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A head and neck cancer specific questionnaire module designed to be used in quality of life assessments before, during, and after radiotherapy and surgery, with or without combinations with chemotherapy has been developed in accordance with guidelines given by the EORTC Quality of Life Study Group. Relevant issues were generated by means of literature search, and interviews with specialists and patients. Pre-testing of a preliminary questionnaire module was performed in patients from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, United Kingdom and French-speaking Belgium. The resulting head and neck cancer module, the EORTC QLQ-H&N37, includes 37 items concerning disease and treatment related symptoms, social function and sexuality. By using a combination of the general EORTC QLQ-C30 and the EORTC QLQ-H&N37, health-related quality of life measurements may be compared between studies in different cancer populations, and still be sensitive to changes in the target population.
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| 5. |
- Meehan, A. J., et al.
(författare)
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The International Collaboration of Orthopaedic Nursing: advancing nursing through technology
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Nursing Review. - : Wiley. - 0020-8132 .- 1466-7657. ; 62:2, s. 203-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo report on the International Collaboration of Orthopaedic Nursing, a mostly virtual network of orthopaedic nursing organizations across four continents. BackgroundFormed by leaders of three national associations, the collaboration is based on recognition of patient problems and challenges shared by orthopaedic nurses globally. Methods/InitiativesThe Collaboration provides a range of services including education, mentoring, and organizational development. Low cost internet-based technologies, such as email and Skype, support global networking in real time. Discussion/Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyThe Collaboration is a cost effective example of how nurses can collaborate internationally to promote the highest standards of orthopaedic nursing.
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