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Sökning: WFRF:(Maibach Howard) > Tidskriftsartikel

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  • Hamann, Dathan, et al. (författare)
  • Jewellery : alloy composition and release of nickel, cobalt and lead assessed with the EU synthetic sweat method
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 73:4, s. 231-238
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background. Several studies have shown nickel and cobalt release from jewellery by using spot tests, but the metal composition of jewellery is largely unknown. Objectives. To evaluate the metal composition of a large worldwide sample of mainly inexpensive jewellery items, and investigate the release of nickel, cobalt and lead from a subsample by using EN 1811: 1998-required methods. Methods. A total of 956 metallic jewellery components were examined with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. A subsample of 96 jewellery items purchased in the United States were investigated for nickel, cobalt and lead release by the use of artificial sweat immersion and plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Results. Eighteen elements were detected. The 10 most frequently occurring were, in order of frequency, copper, iron, zinc, nickel, silver, chromium, tin, manganese, lead, and cobalt. Release of nickelwas noted from 79 of the 96 US samples (0.01-98 mu g/cm(2)/week), release of cobalt from 35 samples (0.02-0.5 mu g/cm(2)/week), and release of lead from 37 samples (0.03-2718 mu g/cm(2)/week). Conclusions. We present here a comprehensive list of the most frequently encountered metals in jewellery and fashion accessories. Different allergenic and non-allergenic metals are utilized. We also report the frequent release of nickel, cobalt and lead from these objects, despite legislative restrictions.
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  • Lejding, Tina, et al. (författare)
  • Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Cement Samples From Countries Within and Outside the EU : A Study From the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1710-3568. ; 34:4, s. 323-328
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is often severe and difficult to treat. The content of Cr(VI) in cement can be reduced by, for example, addition of iron(II) sulfate. Since 2005 the content of Cr(VI) in cement is regulated in the EU Directive 2003/53/EC and must not exceed 2 ppm. Since this regulation came into force, ACD caused by cement has markedly been reduced. Objective: To investigate Cr(VI) and total chromium content in samples of cement from countries within and outside the EU. Methods: The members of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) were invited to participate in the study with the aim to collect cement samples from geographically different areas. The content of Cr(VI) in the samples was estimated by the diphenyl carbazide spot test, atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to assess the total chromium content. Results: Forty-five cement samples were analyzed, containing amounts of Cr(VI) from <0.1 to >70 ppm. Twenty-one samples contained >2 ppm Cr(VI), 24 contained less. Four of 17 samples from within the EU contained >2 ppm Cr(VI), that is, higher amounts than stipulated in the EU directive, as compared with 17 samples from countries outside the EU. Conclusion: In countries outside the EU, significantly more cement samples contained >2 ppm Cr(VI).
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  • Morgardt-Ryberg, Kristina, et al. (författare)
  • Patch testing with a textile dye mix - a multicentre study.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 71:4, s. 215-223
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Disperse dyes are well-known contact sensitizers. However, they are not included in the majority of commercially available baseline patch test series.
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  • Nilsson, Gert, et al. (författare)
  • Cutaneous bioengineering instrumentation standardization : the Tissue Viability Imager
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Skin research and technology. - : Wiley. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846. ; 15:1, s. 6-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tissue Viability Imaging (TiVi) is a new bioengineering technology intended for remote two-dimensional mapping of skin red blood cell concentration (RBCconc). Before use in the laboratory, work-site and dermatology clinic, critical performance parameters of this emerging technology require careful evaluation. To assess short- and long-term stability, image uniformity, distance and image size dependence, ambient light and curvature influence in a production batch of Tissue Viability Imagers. Four Tissue Viability Imagers from the same production batch were evaluated at two laboratories (one industrial and one dermatological) with respect to critical parameter performance. The average systematic drift in sensitivity over time was 0.27% and < 1.02% for all four units tested. Difference in sensitivity between units was limited to 4.1% and was due to offset rather than gain deviation. Spatial variation in image uniformity was below 3.08% and 1.93% in the corners and centre of an individual image, respectively. This spatial variation could be further reduced to 0.25% and 0.13%, respectively by image normalization. Ambient light from a 40 W bulb or a 11 W fluorescent light source at a distance of 50-60 cm above the object, reduced the recorded values by about 10%, while the camera to object distance and image size had no detectable influence on sensitivity. Curved objects, such as human forearm, demonstrated an edge effect limited to below 10%. The critical TiVi performance parameters evaluated proved stable in relation to expected variations in skin RBCconc over time. Calibration by way of a two-point method may reduce differences in sensitivity between instruments to further facilitate inter-laboratory comparison of results.
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