| 1. |
- Abu-Hayyeh, Shadi, et al.
(författare)
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Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy levels of sulfated progesterone metabolites inhibit farnesoid X receptor resulting in a cholestatic phenotype.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hepatology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0270-9139 .- 1527-3350. ; 57:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most prevalent pregnancy-specific liver disease and is associated with an increased risk of adverse fetal outcomes, including preterm labor and intrauterine death. The endocrine signals that cause cholestasis are not known but 3α-sulfated progesterone metabolites have been shown to be elevated in ICP, leading us to study the impact of sulfated progesterone metabolites on farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-mediated bile acid homeostasis pathways. Here we report that the 3β-sulfated progesterone metabolite epiallopregnanolone sulfate is supraphysiologically raised in the serum of ICP patients. Mice challenged with cholic acid developed hypercholanemia and a hepatic gene expression profile indicative of FXR activation. However, coadministration of epiallopregnanolone sulfate with cholic acid exacerbated the hypercholanemia and resulted in aberrant gene expression profiles for hepatic bile acid-responsive genes consistent with cholestasis. We demonstrate that levels of epiallopregnanolone sulfate found in ICP can function as a partial agonist for FXR, resulting in the aberrant expression of bile acid homeostasis genes in hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, epiallopregnanolone sulfate inhibition of FXR results in reduced FXR-mediated bile acid efflux and secreted FGF19. Using cofactor recruitment assays, we show that epiallopregnanolone sulfate competitively inhibits bile acid-mediated recruitment of cofactor motifs to the FXR-ligand binding domain. Conclusion: Our results reveal a novel molecular interaction between ICP-associated levels of the 3β-sulfated progesterone metabolite epiallopregnanolone sulfate and FXR that couples the endocrine component of pregnancy in ICP to abnormal bile acid homeostasis. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;).
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| 2. |
- Borges Manna, Luiza, et al.
(författare)
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Ursodeoxycholic acid improves feto-placental and offspring metabolic outcomes in hypercholanemic pregnancy.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perturbations in the intrauterine environment can result in lifelong consequences for metabolic health during postnatal life. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) can predispose offspring to metabolic disease in adulthood, likely due to a combination of the effects of increased bile acids, maternal dyslipidemia and deranged maternal and fetal lipid homeostasis. Whereas ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a commonly used treatment for ICP, no studies have yet addressed whether it can also prevent the metabolic effects of ICP in the offspring and fetoplacental unit. We therefore analyzed the lipid profile of fetal serum from untreated ICP, UDCA-treated ICP and uncomplicated pregnancies and found that UDCA ameliorates ICP-associated fetal dyslipidemia. We then investigated the effects of UDCA in a mouse model of hypercholanemic pregnancy and showed that it induces hepatoprotective mechanisms in the fetal liver, reduces hepatic fatty acid synthase (Fas) expression and improves glucose tolerance in the adult offspring. Finally, we showed that ICP leads to epigenetic changes in pathways of relevance to the offspring phenotype. We therefore conclude that UDCA can be used as an intervention in pregnancy to reduce features of metabolic disease in the offspring of hypercholanemic mothers.
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| 3. |
- Hagström, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
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Reply.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hepatology communications. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2471-254X. ; 3:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Markus, Corey, et al.
(författare)
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The BACH project protocol: An international multicentre total Bile Acid Comparison and Harmonisation project and sub-study of the TURRIFIC randomised trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 59, s. 1921-1929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Multicentre international trials relying on diagnoses derived from biochemical results may overlook the importance of assay standardisation from the participating laboratories. Here we describe a study protocol aimed at harmonising results from total bile acid determinations within the context of an international randomised controlled Trial of two treatments, URsodeoxycholic acid and RIFampicin, for women with severe early onset Intrahepatic Cholestasis of pregnancy (TURRIFIC), referred to as the Bile Acid Comparison and Harmonisation (BACH) study, with the aims of reducing inter-laboratory heterogeneity in total bile acid assays. Methods: We have simulated laboratory data to determine the feasibility of total bile acid recalibration using a reference set of patient samples with a consensus value approach and subsequently used regression-based techniques to transform the data. Results: From these simulations, we have demonstrated that mathematical recalibration of total bile acid results is plausible, with a high probability of successfully harmonising results across participating laboratories. Conclusions: Standardisation of bile acid results facilitates the commutability of laboratory results and collation for statistical analysis. It may provide the momentum for broader application of the described techniques in the setting of large-scale multinational clinical trials dependent on results from non-standardised assays.
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| 5. |
- McIlvride, Saraid, et al.
(författare)
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Obeticholic acid ameliorates dyslipidemia but not glucose tolerance in mouse model of gestational diabetes.
- 2019
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1555 .- 0193-1849. ; 317:2, s. E399-E410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolism alters markedly with advancing gestation, characterized by progressive insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and raised serum bile acids. The nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has an integral role in bile acid homeostasis and modulates glucose and lipid metabolism. FXR is known to be functionally suppressed in pregnancy. The FXR agonist, obeticholic acid (OCA), improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We therefore hypothesized that OCA treatment during pregnancy could improve disease severity in a mouse model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from fat) for 4 wk before and throughout pregnancy to induce GDM. The impact of the diet supplemented with 0.03% OCA throughout pregnancy was studied. Pregnant HFD-fed mice displayed insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. OCA significantly reduced plasma cholesterol concentrations in nonpregnant and pregnant HFD-fed mice (by 22.4%, P < 0.05 and 36.4%, P < 0.001, respectively) and reduced the impact of pregnancy on insulin resistance but did not change glucose tolerance. In nonpregnant HFD-fed mice, OCA ameliorated weight gain, reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in white adipose tissue, and reduced plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations (by 62.7%, P < 0.01). However, these effects were not evident in pregnant mice. OCA administration can normalize plasma cholesterol levels in a mouse model of GDM. However, the absence of several of the effects of OCA in pregnant mice indicates that the agonistic action of OCA is not sufficient to overcome many metabolic consequences of the pregnancy-associated reduction in FXR activity.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Pataia, Vanessa, et al.
(författare)
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Obeticholic acid improves fetal bile acid profile in a mouse model of gestational hypercholanemia.
- 2020
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1547 .- 0193-1857. ; 319:2, s. G197-G211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by elevated maternal circulating bile acid levels and associated dyslipidemia. ICP leads to accumulation of bile acids in the fetal compartment and the elevated bile acid concentrations are associated with an increased risk of adverse fetal outcomes. The farnesoid X receptor agonist, obeticholic acid (OCA) is efficient in the treatment of cholestatic conditions such as primary biliary cholangitis. We hypothesized that OCA administration during hypercholanemic pregnancy will improve maternal and fetal bile acid and lipid profiles. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed either: a normal chow diet, a 0.5% cholic acid (CA)-supplemented diet, a 0.03% OCA-supplemented diet, or a 0.5% CA + 0.03% OCA-supplemented diet for 1 week prior to mating and throughout pregnancy until euthanization on day 18. The effects of CA and OCA feeding on maternal and fetal morphometry, bile acid and lipid levels, and cecal microbiota were investigated. OCA administration during gestation did not alter the maternal or fetal body weight or organ morphometry. OCA treatment during hypercholanemic pregnancy reduced bile acid levels in the fetal compartment. However, fetal dyslipidemia was not reversed, and OCA did not impact maternal bile acid levels or dyslipidemia. In conclusion, OCA administration during gestation had no apparent detrimental impact on maternal or fetal morphometry and improved fetal hypercholanemia. As high serum bile acid concentrations in ICP are associated with increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes, further investigations into the potential use of OCA during cholestatic gestation are warranted.
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| 8. |
- Turro, Ernest, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome sequencing of patients with rare diseases in a national health system.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 583:7814, s. 96-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most patients with rare diseases do not receive a molecular diagnosis and the aetiological variants and causative genes for more than half such disorders remain to be discovered1. Here we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in a national health system to streamline diagnosis and to discover unknown aetiological variants in the coding and non-coding regions of the genome. We generated WGS data for 13,037 participants, of whom 9,802 had a rare disease, and provided a genetic diagnosis to 1,138 of the 7,065 extensively phenotyped participants. We identified 95 Mendelian associations between genes and rare diseases, of which 11 have been discovered since 2015 and at least 79 are confirmed to be aetiological. By generating WGS data of UK Biobank participants2, we found that rare alleles can explain the presence of some individuals in the tails of a quantitative trait for red blood cells. Finally, we identified four novel non-coding variants that cause disease through the disruption of transcription of ARPC1B, GATA1, LRBA and MPL. Our study demonstrates a synergy by using WGS for diagnosis and aetiological discovery in routine healthcare.
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| 9. |
- Vasavan, Tharni, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal cardiac dysfunction in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is associated with elevated serum bile acid concentrations.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1600-0641 .- 0168-8278. ; 74:5, s. 1087-1096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is associated with increased stillbirth risk. This study aimed to assess the relationship between bile acid concentrations and fetal cardiac dysfunction in ICP with or without ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment.Bile acid profiles and NT-proBNP, a marker of ventricular dysfunction, were assayed in umbilical venous serum from 15 controls and 76 ICP cases (36 untreated, 40 UDCA-treated). Fetal ECG traces were obtained from 43 controls and 48 ICP cases (26 untreated, 22 UDCA-treated). PR interval length and heart rate variability parameters (RMSSD, SDNN) were measured in two behavioural states (quiet and active sleep). Partial correlation coefficients (r) and median [IQR] are reported.In untreated ICP, fetal total serum bile acids (TSBA, r=0.49, p=0.019), their hydrophobicity index (r=0.20, p=0.039), glycocholate (r=0.56, p=0.007) and taurocholate (r=0.44, p=0.039) positively correlated with fetal NT-proBNP. Maternal TSBA (r=0.40, p=0.026) and alanine aminotransferase (r=0.40, p=0.046) also positively correlated with fetal NT-proBNP. No significant correlations to NT-proBNP were observed in the UDCA-treated cohort. Fetal PR interval length positively correlated with maternal TSBA in untreated (r=0.46, p=0.027) and UDCA-treated ICP (r=0.54, p=0.026). Fetal RMSSD in active sleep (9.6 [8.8,11.3] vs. 8.7 [7.6,9.6] ms, p=0.028) and SDNN in quiet sleep (11.0 [9.5,14.9] vs. 7.9 [5.1,9.7] ms, p=0.013) and active sleep (25.4 [21.0,32.4] vs. 18.2 [14.7,25.7] ms, p=0.003) were significantly higher in untreated ICP cases than controls. Heart rate variability values in UDCA-treated cases did not differ to controls.Elevated fetal and maternal serum bile acid concentrations in untreated ICP are associated with an abnormal fetal cardiac phenotype characterised by increased NT-proBNP concentration, PR interval length and heart rate variability. UDCA treatment partially attenuates this phenotype.
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