| 2. |
- Eloff, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Autoantibodies are major predictors of arthritis development in patients with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and musculoskeletal pain
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732. ; 50:3, s. 189-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Predictors of arthritis development are highly warranted among patients with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and musculoskeletal symptoms to optimize clinical management. We aimed to identify clinical and laboratory predictors of arthritis development, including biochemically assessed alcohol consumption, among ACPA-positive patients with musculoskeletal pain.Method: 82 ACPA-positive individuals with musculoskeletal pain but no clinical arthritis were followed for a median of 72 months (interquartile range 57–81 months). We evaluated the prognostic value of baseline clinical and laboratory factors including smoking, symptom duration, age, gender, shared epitope, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-carbamylated protein antibodies, ACPA levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein levels, tender joint count, patient-reported general well-being, 28-joint Disease Activity Score, and alcohol consumption as measured by phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth) levels in whole blood.Results: During follow-up, 48% developed at least one arthritis. Multivariable analysis revealed an increased risk of arthritis development with RF positivity [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.8, p = 0.028] and higher ACPA levels (HR = 1.0, 95% CI 1.000–1.001, p = 0.002). High levels of RF (HR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.7–11) entailed the highest HR in this ACPA-positive population. Neither clinical characteristics nor alcohol consumption measured by PEth conferred significant prognostic value.Conclusions: ACPA levels and concurrent presence of RF are independent predictors of arthritis development among ACPA-positive patients with musculoskeletal pain. The results are compatible with a dose–response relationship between RA-related autoantibodies and risk of arthritis development.
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| 3. |
- l'Haridon, O., et al.
(författare)
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Off the Charts: Massive Unexplained Heterogeneity in a Global Study of Ambiguity Attitudes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Review of Economics and Statistics. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 0034-6535 .- 1530-9142. ; 100:4, s. 664-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambiguity attitudes have been prominently used in economic models, but we still know little about their demographic correlates or their generalizability beyond the West. We analyze the ambiguity attitudes of almost 3,000 students across thirty countries. For gains, we find ambiguity aversion everywhere, while ambiguity aversion is much weaker for losses. Ambiguity attitudes change systematically with probabilities for both gains and losses. Much of the between-country variation can be explained through a few macroeconomic characteristics. In contrast, we find massive unexplained variation at the individual level. We also find much unexplained heterogeneity in individual responses to different decision tasks.
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