| 1. |
- Ahmed, Istaq, 1972, et al.
(author)
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Crystal structure and proton conductivity of BaZr0.9Sc0
- 2008
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In: Journal of the American Ceramic Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-7820 .- 1551-2916. ; 91:9, s. 3039-3044
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solid-state sintering has been used to prepare the perovskite BaZr0.9Sc0.1O3-delta. Analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data shows that an increase of the unit cell parameter, a, was observed after deuteration. Rietveld analysis of room-temperature neutron powder diffraction data confirmed cubic symmetry (space group Pm-3m). Dynamic thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the hydration process occurs below 335 degrees C and approximately 58% of the theoretical number of protonic defects can be filled. The presence of protons/deutrons is seen from the strong O-H/O-D stretch band in the infrared spectrum of the hydrated/deuterated samples. The proton conductivity of a prehydrated sample was investigated under dry and wet Ar atmospheres
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, Istaq, 1972, et al.
(author)
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Location of deuteron sites in the proton conducting perovskite BaZr0.50In0.50O3-y
- 2008
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In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388. ; 450:1-2, s. 103-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-resolution neutron powder diffraction data have been collected on deuterated and dried samples of the perovskite BaZr0.5In0.5O2.75 at 5 K and room temperature, respectively. Inspection of Fourier nuclear density maps for the deuterated phase have allowed the deuteron position to be refined on a 12h (1/2, y, 0) crystallographic site, with y = 0.217(4) yielding a chemically reasonable O-D distance of 0.92(2) angstrom. Evidence for anisotropy of the deuteron position is also found consistent with a 24k crystallographic site (0.56, 0.21, 0) indicative of displacements of the ion towards neighbouring oxygen ions. The presence of static oxygen disorder in both the dried and deuterated samples is apparent from the structural analyses. Raman spectra confirm short range deviations from cubic symmetry for both dried and hydrated samples.
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| 3. |
- Ahmed, Istaq, 1972, et al.
(author)
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Proton conduction in Perovskite Oxide BaZr0.5Yb0.5O3-δ Prepared by Wet Chemical Route
- 2008
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In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 155:11, s. 97-102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A wet chemical route has been used to synthesize the oxygen deficient perovskite Ba Zr0.5 Yb0.5 O3-δ. Analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data showed that both dried and hydrated samples adopt cubic crystal structures of space group Pm 3- m. Dynamic thermogravimetric analysis showed a significant mass loss for the hydrated sample compared to the dried sample, indicating that ∼28% of the oxygen vacancies are filled by protonic defects. The strong O-H stretch band, 2500-3500 cm-1, in the IR absorbance spectrum also clearly manifests the presence of significant levels of protons in the hydrated material. Proton conductivity was investigated on prehydrated (under dry Ar) and as-prepared (under wet Ar) samples. The heating cycle of the prehydrated sample showed higher proton conductivity compared to the cooling cycle, especially in the intermediate temperature range (150-550°C). Finally, comparison with data for Ba Zr0.9 Yb0.1 O3-δ revealed that the more heavily doped sample showed higher proton conductivity compared to the more lightly doped sample. © 2008 The Electrochemical Society.
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| 4. |
- Ahmed, Istaq, 1972, et al.
(author)
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Structural study and proton conductivity in Yb-doped BaZrO3
- 2007
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In: Solid State Ionics. - 0167-2738. ; 178:(7-10), s. 515-520
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Traditional solid state sintering has been used to prepare the perovskite BaZr0.9Yb0.1O3-delta. Analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data shows that an increase of the unit cell parameter, a, was observed compared to undoped BaZrO3. Rietveld analysis of room temperature neutron powder diffraction data confirmed cubic symmetry (space group Pm-3m). Dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates that the hydration process occurs below 200 degrees C. The strong O-H stretch band, 2500-3500 cm(-1), in the infrared absorbance spectrum clearly manifests the presence of protons in the hydrated material. Proton conductivity was investigated on hydrated and as-prepared samples under dry and wet atmospheres, respectively. Keywords: X-ray diffraction; neutron diffraction; Rietveld refinement; proton conductor; perovskite
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| 5. |
- Ahmed, Istaq, 1972, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis and structural characterization of perovskite type proton conducting BaZr1-xInxO3-delta (0.0 <= x <= 0.75)
- 2006
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In: Solid State Ionics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2738 .- 1872-7689. ; 177:17-18, s. 1395-1403
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solid state sintering has been used to prepare the cubic perovskite structured compounds BaZr1-xInxO3-delta (0.0 <= x <= 0.75). Analysis of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data reveals that the unit cell parameter, a, increases linearly with an increased Indium concentration. XRPD data was also used to demonstrate the completion of sample hydration, which was reached when the materials showed a set of single-phase Bragg-peaks. Dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data showed that approx. 89% of the total number of available oxygen vacancies can be filled in BaZr1-xInxO3-delta for x=0.50, and that the maximum water uptake occurs below 300 degrees C. Rietveld analysis of the room temperature neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data confirmed the average cubic symmetry (space group Pm-3m), and an expansion of the unit cell parameter after the hydration reaction. The strong O-H stretch band, 2500-3500 cm(-1), in the infrared absorbance spectrum clearly manifests the presence of protons in the hydrated material. Proton conductivity of hydrated BaZr1-xInxO3-delta, x=0.75 was investigated during heating and cooling cycles under dry argon atmosphere. The total conductivity during the heating cycle was nearly two orders of magnitude greater than that of cooling cycle at 300 degrees C, whilst these values were similar at higher temperatures i.e. T > 600 degrees C.
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| 6. |
- Fu, Yifeng, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Templated Growth of Covalently Bonded Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube Networks Originated from Graphene
- 2012
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In: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 24:12, s. 1576-1581
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A template-assisted method that enables the growth of covalently bonded three-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) originating from graphene at a large scale is demonstrated. Atomic force microscopy-based mechanical tests show that the covalently bonded CNT structure can effectively distribute external loading throughout the network to improve the mechanical strength of the material.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Maths, et al.
(author)
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Short-range structure of proton-conducting perovskite BaInxZr1-xO3-x/2 (x=0-0
- 2009
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In: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 20:10, s. 3480-3486
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a systematic study, we investigate the effect of dopant level and hydration on the short-range structure of the proton-conducting perovskite-type oxide BaInxZr1-xO3-x/2 (x = 0 - 0.75), using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the doping leads to significant local distortions of the average cubic structure of these materials. By increasing the In concentration from x = 0 to x = 0.75, new bands appear and grow in intensity in both the IR and the Raman spectra, showing that the local distortions become successively more and more pronounced. The structural distortions are largely uncorrelated to the presence of oxygen vacancies, but instead are mainly driven by the size and charge difference between the In3+ and Zr4+ ions, which leads to displacements of the cations and to tilting of the (In/Zr)O-6 octahedra. On the basis of our results, we suggest that there is a threshold between x = 0.10 and x = 0.25 where the structural distortions propagate throughout the whole perovskite structure. Comparison of our spectroscopic data with the proton conductivity for the same materials indicates that the presence of extended structural distortions is favorable for fast proton transport.
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| 8. |
- Larsson Wexell, Cecilia, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Electropolished titanium implants with a mirror-like surface support osseointegration and bone remodelling
- 2016
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In: Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8434 .- 1687-8442.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work characterises the ultrastructural composition of the interfacial tissue adjacent to electropolished, commercially pure titanium implants with and without subsequent anodisation, and it investigates whether a smooth electropolished surface can support bone formation in a manner similar to surfaces with a considerably thicker surface oxide layer. Screw-shaped implants were electropolished to remove all topographical remnants of the machining process, resulting in a thin spontaneously formed surface oxide layer and a smooth surface. Half of the implants were subsequently anodically oxidised to develop a thickened surface oxide layer and increased surface roughness. Despite substantial differences in the surface physicochemical properties, the microarchitecture and the composition of the newly formed bone were similar for both implant surfaces after 12 weeks of healing in rabbit tibia. A close spatial relationship was observed between osteocyte canaliculi and both implant surfaces. On the ultrastructural level, the merely electropolished surface showed the various stages of bone formation, for example, matrix deposition and mineralisation, entrapment of osteoblasts within the mineralised matrix, and their morphological transformation into osteocytes. The results demonstrate that titanium implants with a mirror-like surface and a thin, spontaneously formed oxide layer are able to support bone formation and remodelling.
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| 9. |
- Nordström, Jonas, 1980, et al.
(author)
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Concentration- and pH-dependence of highly alkaline sodium silicate solutions
- 2011
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In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 356:1, s. 37-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study two routes for the gelation of water glass have been investigated; the destabilization by a change in pH and by an increase in concentration through evaporation. Both methods produce optically transparent, highly viscous, homogeneous solutions. The structure and dynamics of the solutions along the two routes have been investigated with Dynamic Light Scattering, 29Si-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, viscosity measurements and infrared spectroscopy. We find that the two routes are fundamentally different. Increasing the concentration of the sodium silicate system leaves the silica speciation apparently unchanged. Lowering the pH leads to condensation reactions, thus a change in the silica speciation.
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| 10. |
- Schantz Zackrisson, Anna, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Concentration effects on irreversible colloid cluster aggregation and gelation of silica dispersions.
- 2006
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In: Journal of colloid and interface science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 301:1, s. 137-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effects of particle concentration on the irreversible aggregation of colloidal silica are studied using in situ destabilization via the ionic strength increase derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea by urease. Aggregation is monitored by time-resolved optical density and dynamic light scattering measurements. It terminates at a gel boundary, signaled by a prominent increase of the optical density and incipient non-ergodicity. Raman scattering is used to demonstrate that the enzymatic reaction continues, well beyond gelation for the compositions studied here, until the urea is consumed. Calibration of the ionic conductivity permits for constructing stability diagrams in terms of particle and salt concentration. As with reversible gelation, the process exhibits a collective character in that lower ionic strengths are required for gelation of concentrated dispersions and vice versa. However, light scattering demonstrates that the gel boundary is preceded here by a line marking the transition from reversible to irreversible cluster formation, with the two transition boundaries tracking each other. Comparisons are made with dispersions destabilized by direct addition of salt solutions, which gel under very different conditions.
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