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- Einarsdottir, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Linkage but not association of calpain-10 to type 2 diabetes replicated in northern Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 55:6, s. 1879-1883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present data from a genome-wide scan identifying genetic factors conferring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. The linkage analysis was based on 59 families from northern Sweden, consisting of a total of 129 cases of type 2 diabetes and 19 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Model-free linkage analysis revealed a maximum multipoint logarithm of odds score of 3.19 for D2S2987 at 267.7 cM (P = 0.00058), suggesting that a gene conferring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the northern Swedish population resides in the 2q37 region. These data replicate, in a European population, previously identified linkage of marker loci in this region to type 2 diabetes in Mexican Americans. In contrast, no evidence in support of association to the previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the calpain-10 gene was observed in a case-control cohort derived from the same population.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Holmberg, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Association of CD247 (CD3ζ) gene polymorphisms with T1D and AITD in the population of northern Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: T1D and AITD are autoimmune disorders commonly occurring in the same family and even in the same individual. The genetic contribution to these disorders is complex making uncovering of susceptibility genes very challenging. The general aim of this study was to identify loci and genes contributing to T1D/AITD susceptibility. Our strategy was to perform linkage and association studies in the relatively genetically homogenous population of northern Sweden. We performed a GWLS to find genomic regions linked to T1D/AITD in families from northern Sweden and we performed an association study in the families to test for association between T1D/AITD and variants in previously published candidate genes as well as a novel candidate gene, CD247. Methods: DNA prepared from 459 individuals was used to perform a linkage and an association study. The ABI PRISM Linkage Mapping Set v2.5MD10 was employed for an initial 10-cM GWLS, and additional markers were added for fine mapping. Merlin was used for linkage calculations. For the association analysis, a GoldenGate Custom Panel from Illumina containing 79 SNPs of interest was used and FBAT was used for association calculations. Results: Our study revealed linkage to two previously identified chromosomal regions, 4q25 and 6p22, as well as to a novel chromosomal region, 1q23. The association study replicated association to PTPN22, HLA-DRB1, INS, IFIH1, CTLA4 and C12orf30. Evidence in favor of association was also found for SNPs in the novel susceptibility gene CD247. Conclusions: Several risk loci for T1D/AITD identified in published association studies were replicated in a family material, of modest size, from northern Sweden. This provides evidence that these loci confer disease susceptibility in this population and emphasizes that small to intermediate sized family studies in this population can be used in a cost-effective manner for the search of genes involved in complex diseases. The linkage study revealed a chromosomal region in which a novel T1D/AITD susceptibility gene, CD247, is located. The association study showed association between T1D/AITD and several variants in this gene. These results suggests that common susceptibility genes act in concert with variants of CD247 to generate genetic risk for T1D/AITD in this population.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Mayans, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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CT60 genotype does not affect CTLA-4 isoform expression despite association to T1D and AITD in northern Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in and around the CTLA-4 gene have previously been associated to T1D and AITD in several populations. One such single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), CT60, has been reported to affect the expression level ratio of the soluble (sCTLA-4) to full length CTLA-4 (flCTLA-4) isoforms. The aims of our study were to replicate the association previously published by Ueda et al. of polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 region to T1D and AITD and to determine whether the CT60 polymorphism affects the expression level ratio of sCTLA-4/flCTLA-4 in our population.METHODS: Three SNPs were genotyped in 253 cases (104 AITD cases and 149 T1D cases) and 865 ethnically matched controls. Blood from 23 healthy individuals was used to quantify mRNA expression of CTLA-4 isoforms in CD4+ cells using real-time PCR. Serum from 102 cases and 59 healthy individuals was used to determine the level of sCTLA-4 protein.RESULTS: Here we show association of the MH30, CT60 and JO31 polymorphisms to T1D and AITD in northern Sweden. We also observed a higher frequency of the CT60 disease susceptible allele in our controls compared to the British, Italian and Dutch populations, which might contribute to the high frequency of T1D in Sweden. In contrast to previously published findings, however, we were unable to find differences in the sCTLA-4/flCTLA-4 expression ratio based on the CT60 genotype in 23 healthy volunteers, also from northern Sweden. Analysis of sCTLA-4 protein levels in serum showed no correlation between sCTLA-4 protein levels and disease status or CT60 genotype.CONCLUSION: Association was found between T1D/AITD and all three polymorphisms investigated. However, in contrast to previous investigations, sCTLA-4 RNA and protein expression levels did not differ based on CT60 genotype. Our results do not rule out the CT60 SNP as an important polymorphism in the development of T1D or AITD, but suggest that further investigations are necessary to elucidate the effect of the CTLA-4 region on the development of T1D and AITD.
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| 6. |
- Mayans, Sofia, 1976-
(författare)
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Genetic studies of diabetes in northern Sweden
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Diabetes mellitus represents a group of metabolic disorders caused by both environmental and genetic factors. The two most common forms of diabetes are type 2 diabetes (T2D) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). T2D is associated with obesity and the disease is caused by insulin resistance and pancreatic b-cell dysfunction. T1D is an autoimmune disease in which the insulin- producing b-cells in the pancreas are destroyed by infiltration of lymphocytes. The aim of this thesis was to identify genes conferring susceptibility to diabetes. This was approached using genetic methods, both linkage and association studies, within the population of northern Sweden. The northern Swedish population is well suited for genetic studies of familial forms of disease, since an internal expansion of the northern Swedish population, coupled with a low frequency of immigration and a high frequency of consanguineous marriages, has resulted in a relatively homogeneous gene pool. This simplified genetic background increases the probability of identifying genes contributing to disease. The family-based material used for the type 2 diabetes studies (papers I and II) consisted of 231 individuals from 59 families originating in northern Sweden. The type 2 diabetes case-control material (papers I and II) consisted of 872 cases and 857 matched controls, all from northern Sweden. In paper I we performed a genome-wide linkage scan, seeking T2D susceptibility loci. Linkage to the previously identified Calpain-10 region was found, however, association studies in the case-control material revealed no association to the CAPN10 gene. Using both the family-based and the case-control material, we were able to confirm the association of polymorphisms in the TCF7L2 gene to T2D in the population of northern Sweden (paper II). CTLA-4 is a negative regulator of T cell activity, belonging to the CD28 co-stimulatory receptor family. Numerous reports, including our own, have associated CTLA-4 variants with T1D as well as other autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Allelic variation in the 3ÚTR of the CTLA-4 gene was associated to human T1D and this variant has also been suggested to affect the level of mRNA encoding the soluble form of the molecule (sCTLA-4). We confirmed the association of allelic variation in the 3ÚTR of the CTLA-4 gene in a T1D/AITD case-control material from northern Sweden, consisting of 104 individuals with ATID, 149 individuals with T1D and 865 matched controls. However, we were unable to identify any correlation between allelic variants in the 3ÚTR of the CTLA-4 gene and expression of sCTLA-4 (paper III). Based on recently published genome-wide association (GWA) scans, 33 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within 16 genes were selected for an association analysis in T1D/AITD families from northern Sweden. The T1D/AITD family-based material consisted of 253 cases and 206 healthy individuals from 97 northern Swedish families. Analysis revealed association to T1D for SNPs in PTPN22, COL1A2, IL-2Ra and INS. In addition, SNPs in CTLA-4, IL-2 and C12orf30 were shown to be associated to AITD (paper IV). Together, these results underpin the notion that the population of northern Sweden is well suited for the detection of genes involved in complex diseases. The use of our more restricted patient material, compared to materials used in published GWA scans, enables the discovery of disease associated genes in a more cost effective manner and show that our population is capable of detecting general susceptibility genes.
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| 7. |
- Mayans, Sofia, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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TCF7L2 polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes in northern Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 15:3, s. 342-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recent study found association of one microsatellite and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in intron 3 of the TCF7L2 gene with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Icelandic, Danish and American populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate if those SNPs were associated to T2D in two (family- and population-based) cohorts from northern Sweden. We genotyped four of the associated SNPs in a case-control cohort consisting of 872 T2D cases and 857 controls matched with respect to age, sex and geographical origin and in a sample of 59 extended families (148 affected and 83 unaffected individuals). Here, we report replication of association between T2D and three SNPs in the case-control (rs7901695, P=0.003; rs7901346, P=0.00002; and rs12255372, P=0.000004) and two SNPs in the family-based (rs7901695, P=0.01 and rs7901346, P=0.04) samples from northern Sweden. This replication strengthens the evidence for involvement of TCF7L2 in T2D.
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