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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Wheeler, Michael J, et al.
(författare)
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Combined effects of continuous exercise and intermittent active interruptions to prolonged sitting on postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglycerides in adults with obesity : a randomized crossover trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - London : BioMed Central. - 1479-5868. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride metabolism is impaired by prolonged sitting, but enhanced by exercise. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a continuous exercise bout with and without intermittent active interruptions to prolonged sitting on postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglycerides.METHODS: Sedentary adults who were overweight to obese (n = 67; mean age 67 yr SD ± 7; BMI 31.2 kg∙m- 2 SD ± 4.1), completed three conditions: SIT: uninterrupted sitting (8-h, control); EX+SIT: sitting (1-h), moderate-intensity walking (30-min), uninterrupted sitting (6.5-h); EX+BR: sitting (1-h), moderate-intensity walking (30- min), sitting interrupted every 30-min with 3-min of light-intensity walking (6.5 h). Participants consumed standardized breakfast and lunch meals and blood was sampled at 13 time-points.RESULTS: When compared to SIT, EX+SIT increased total area under the curve (tAUC) for glucose by 2% [0.1-4.1%] and EX+BR by 3% [0.6-4.7%] (all p < 0.05). Compared to SIT, EX+SIT reduced insulin and insulin:glucose ratio tAUC by 18% [11-22%] and 21% [8-33%], respectively; and EX+BR reduced values by 25% [19-31%] and 28% [15-38%], respectively (all p < 0.001 vs SIT, all p < 0.05 EX+SIT-vs-EX+BR). Compared to SIT, EX+BR reduced triglyceride tAUC by 6% [1-10%] (p = 0.01 vs SIT), and compared to EX+SIT, EX+BR reduced this value by 5% [0.1-8.8%] (p = 0.047 vs EX+SIT). The magnitude of reduction in insulin tAUC from SIT-to-EX+BR was greater in those with increased basal insulin resistance. No reduction in triglyceride tAUC from SIT-to-EX+BR was apparent in those with high fasting triglycerides.CONCLUSIONS: Additional reductions in postprandial insulin-glucose dynamics and triglycerides may be achieved by combining exercise with breaks in sitting. Relative to uninterrupted sitting, this strategy may reduce postprandial insulin more in those with high basal insulin resistance, but those with high fasting triglycerides may be resistant to such intervention-induced reductions in triglycerides.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000737639 ).
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| 3. |
- Aceto, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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On Rule Formats for Zero and Unit Elements
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper proposes a rule format for Structural Operational Semantics guaranteeing that certain constants act as left or right zero elements for a set of binary operators. Our design approach is also applied to reformulate an earlier rule format for unit elements developed by some of the authors. Examples of left and right zero, as well as unit, elements from the literature are shown to be checkable using the provided formats.
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| 4. |
- Aceto, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Rule Formats for Distributivity
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper proposes rule formats for Structural Operational Semantics guaranteeing that certain binary operators are left distributive with respect to a set of binary operators. Examples of left-distributivity laws from the literature are shown to be instances of the provided formats.
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| 5. |
- Elsborg, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Initial Validation of the Volition in Exercise Questionnaire (VEQ)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science. - Philadelphia : Routledge. - 1091-367X .- 1532-7841. ; 21:2, s. 57-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study describes the development and validation of an instrument to measure volition in the exercise context. Volition describes an individual’s self-regulatory mental processes that are responsible for taking and maintaining a desirable action (e.g., exercising regularly). The scale structure was developed in an exploratory factor analysis which resulted in a reliable structure of the following six factors: Volitional Inhibition—Reasons, Volitional Inhibition—Postponing Training, Volitional Facilitation—Self-Confidence, Volitional Inhibition—Unrelated Thoughts, Volitional Inhibition—Approval From Others, and Volitional Facilitation—Coping with Failure. A sound theoretical explanation for these six factors is based on the Personal System Interaction Theory. This six-factor structure was also confirmed in a new sample in a confirmatory factor analysis, delivering an 18-item questionnaire with strong model fit and good internal consistency. In addition, the Volition in Exercise Questionnaire showed convergent validity because it was able to predict exercise participation. It showed incremental validity by explaining additional variance to the Sport Motivation Scale’s well-established predictors of exercise participation. © 2016 Taylor & Francis.
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| 6. |
- Judge, William Q., et al.
(författare)
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Configurations of Capacity for Change in Entrepreneurial Threshold Firms: Imprinting and Strategic Choice Perspectives
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Management Studies. - Chichester : Wiley. - 1467-6486 .- 0022-2380. ; 52:4, s. 506-530
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imprinting theory suggests that founding conditions are stamped' on organizations, and these imprinted routines often resist change. In contrast, strategic choice theory suggests that the firm can overcome organizational inertia and deliberately choose its future. Both theories offer dramatically different explanations behind an organization's capacity for change. IPO firms provide a unique context for exploring how imprinting forces interact with strategic choice factors to address organizational capacity for change as a firm moves from private to public firm status. Juxtaposing imprinting and strategic choice perspectives, we employ fuzzy set analysis to examine the multi-level determinants of organizational capacity for change. Our cross-national data reveal three effective configurations of organizational capacity for change within IPOs, and two ineffective configurations. Our results suggest that the antecedents of organizational capacity for change in entrepreneurial threshold firms are non-linear, interdependent, and equifinal.
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| 7. |
- Judge, William Q., et al.
(författare)
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Corporate governance and IPO underpricing in a cross-national sample : A multilevel knowledge-based view
- 2015
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Ingår i: Strategic Management Journal. - Chichester : John Wiley & Sons. - 0143-2095 .- 1097-0266. ; 36:8, s. 1174-1185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior studies of IPO underpricing, mostly using agency theory and single-country samples, have generally fallen short. In this study, we employ the knowledge-based view (KBV) to explore underpricing across 17 countries. We find that agency indicators are insignificant predictors, board of director knowledge limits underpricing, and external knowledge both substitutes for and complements internal board knowledge. This third finding suggests that future KBV studies should consider how internal and external knowledge states interact with each other. Our study offers new insights into the antecedents of underpricing and extends our understanding of comparative governance and the KBV of the firm. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 8. |
- Marinho, Marco A. M., 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Performance Assessment for Distributed Broadband Radio Localization
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 52nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers. - Washington, DC : IEEE. - 9781538692189 - 9781538692165 - 9781538692172 - 9781538692196 ; , s. 20-23
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various emerging technologies, such as autonomous vehicles and fully autonomous flying, require precision positioning. This work presents a localization and tracking method based on joint direction of arrival (DOA), time delay, and range estimation using the SAGE algorithm. The proposed method does not rely on external sources of information such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). The method is opportunistic and does not require any location-based data exchange. A set of numerical simulations is presented to assess the performance of the proposed method.
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| 9. |
- Wheeler, Michael J., et al.
(författare)
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Morning exercise mitigates the impact of prolonged sitting on cerebral blood flow in older adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - Rockville : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 126:4, s. 1049-1055
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preventing declines in cerebral blood flow is important for maintaining optimal brain health with aging. We compared the effects of a morning bout of moderate-intensity exercise, with and without subsequent light-intensity walking breaks from sitting, on cerebral blood velocity over 8 h in older adults. In a randomized crossover trial, overweight/obese older adults (n = 12, 70 +/- 7 yr; 30.4 +/- 4.3 kg/m2), completed three acute conditions (6-day washout); SIT: prolonged sitting (8 h, control); EX + SIT: sitting (1 h), moderate-intensity walking (30 min), followed by uninterrupted sitting (6.5 h); and EX + BR: sitting (1 h), moderate-intensity walking (30 min), followed by sitting (6.5 h) interrupted with 3 min of light-intensity walking every 30 min. Bilateral middle cerebral artery velocities (MCAv) were determined using transcranial Doppler at 13 time points across the day. The temporal pattern and average MCAv over 8 h was determined. The pattern of MCAv over 8 h was a negative linear trend in SIT (P < 0.001), but a positive quadratic trend in EX + SIT (P < 0.001) and EX + BR (P < 0.01). Afternoon time points in SIT were lower than baseline within condition (P <= 0.001 for all). A morning dip in MCAv was observed in EX + SIT and EX + BR (P < 0.05 relative to baseline), but afternoon time points were not significantly lower than baseline. The average MCAv over 8 h was higher in EX + SIT than SIT (P = 0.007) or EX + BR (P = 0.024). Uninterrupted sitting should be avoided, and moderate-intensity exercise should be encouraged for the daily maintenance of cerebral blood flow in older adults. The clinical implications of maintaining adequate cerebral blood flow include the delivery of vital oxygen and nutrients to the brain.NEW & NOTEWORTHY: This is the first study to measure the combined effects of an exercise bout with breaks in sitting on cerebral blood velocity in older adults. Using frequent recordings over an 8-h period, we have performed a novel analysis of the pattern of cerebral blood velocity, adjusting for concurrent measures of mean arterial pressure and other potential confounders in a linear mixed effects regression. Copyright © 2019 the American Physiological Society.
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| 10. |
- Zalden, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Femtosecond x-ray diffraction reveals a liquid–liquid phase transition in phase-change materials
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - Washington, DC : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6445, s. 1062-1067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In phase-change memory devices, a material is cycled between glassy and crystalline states. The highly temperature-dependent kinetics of its crystallization process enables application in memory technology, but the transition has not been resolved on an atomic scale. Using femtosecond x-ray diffraction and ab initio computer simulations, we determined the time-dependent pair-correlation function of phase-change materials throughout the melt-quenching and crystallization process. We found a liquid–liquid phase transition in the phase-change materials Ag4In3Sb67Te26 and Ge15Sb85 at 660 and 610 kelvin, respectively. The transition is predominantly caused by the onset of Peierls distortions, the amplitude of which correlates with an increase of the apparent activation energy of diffusivity. This reveals a relationship between atomic structure and kinetics, enabling a systematic optimization of the memory-switching kinetics.
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