| 1. |
- Collins, J.W., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing intra-operative ergonomics and workload in robotic surgery using inertia measuring unit sensors and validated questionnaires
- 2016
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Ingår i: European urology. Supplement. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9056 .- 1878-1500. ; 15:7, s. 247-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES: Robotic approaches have revolutionized radical prostatectomy surgery. The 3D vision and 10 fold magnification provide surgeons improved anatomical vision and more precise instrument control compared to open or laparoscopic techniques. However, the potential benefits of robotic techniques may have trade-offs in increased mental and physical demands for the surgeons. The assisting surgeon, also has the added workload of maintaining working postures that do not impede the robotic arms. This study implemented an innovative motion tracking tool along with validated workload questionnaires to assess the ergonomics and workload for both assisting and console surgeons during robotic surgery. MATERIAL & METHODS: Ten individual surgeons (6 console surgeons and 4 assistant surgeons) performed 15 robotic prostatectomy cases while wearing inertia measurement units (IMUs) to track neck, shoulder, and torso motion during each case. Postoperatively, participants completed a validated workload questionnaire (NASA-TLX). Analysis of variance was performed on all response variables that do not violate the assumption of normality to identify the impact of surgeon role (Console vs Assistant). RESULTS: Twenty-six questionnaires were completed from 13 assisting and 13 console surgeons over the 15 cases. Selfreported mental demand was 41% higher for surgeons at the console than assisting (p<0.05), but physical demand was not statistically different. Post-operative pain was reported highest for the right shoulder and neck and this was more frequently seen in the console surgeons. On IMU readings, the assisting surgeon experienced high neck flexion (>10 degrees) duration over 42% of the procedure compared to only 24% in the console surgeon. In general, surgeons posture on the console was primarily static resulting in fewer movements compared to assisting surgeons. Table 1 summarizes posture movements and durations of static postures. CONCLUSIONS: Postures were more ergonomic during console tasks than assisting by the operating table. However, the console constrains postures leading to static postural loads that have been associated with musculoskeletal symptoms for the neck, torso and shoulders.
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| 2. |
- Yang, Liyun, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Intraoperative musculoskeletal discomfort and risk for surgeons during open and laparoscopic surgery.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Surgical Endoscopy. - : Springer Nature. - 0930-2794 .- 1432-2218.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Surgeon workload is significant both mentally and physically and may differ by procedure type. When comparing laparoscopic surgery and open surgery, studies have reported contrasting results on the physical and mental workload assessed.METHODS: Wearable posture sensors and pre-/post-surgical questionnaires were employed to assess intraoperative workload and to identify risk factors for surgeons using objective and subjective measures.RESULTS: Data from 49 cases (27 open and 22 laparoscopic surgeries performed by 13 male and 11 female surgeons) were assessed. More than half the surgeons reported a clinically relevant post-surgical fatigue score. The surgeons also self-reported a significant increase in pain for the neck, upper back, and lower back during/after surgery. Procedural time had significant impacts on fatigue, body part pain, and subjective (NASA-TLX) workload. The objectively assessed intraoperative work postures using wearable sensors showed a high musculoskeletal risk for neck and lower back based on their posture overall. Open surgeries had significantly larger neck angles (median [IQR]: 40 [28-47]°) compared with laparoscopic surgeries (median [IQR]: 23 [16-29]°), p < 0.001) and torso (median [IQR]: 17 [14-22]° vs. 13 [10-17]°, p = 0.006).CONCLUSION: Surgeons reported significantly higher levels of fatigue and pain in the neck and lower back during or after performing a surgical case. Longer procedural time resulted in more self-rated fatigue, pain, and subjective workload. Open surgery had higher postural risk. Overall, surgeons spent a disturbingly high percentage of time during surgery in high-risk musculoskeletal postures, especially the neck. These results show that intraoperative postural risk is very high and that interventions are necessary to protect surgeon musculoskeletal health for optimal surgeon performance and career longevity.
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| 3. |
- Laverty, David M., et al.
(författare)
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The OpenPMU Platform for Open-Source Phasor Measurements
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 62:4, s. 701-709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OpenPMU is an open platform for the development of phasor measurement unit (PMU) technology. A need has been identified for an open-source alternative to commercial PMU devices tailored to the needs of the university researcher and for enabling the development of new synchrophasor instruments from this foundation. OpenPMU achieves this through open-source hardware design specifications and software source code, allowing duplicates of the OpenPMU to be fabricated under open-source licenses. This paper presents the OpenPMU device based on the Labview development environment. The device is performance tested according to the IEEE C37.118.1 standard. Compatibility with the IEEE C37.118.2 messaging format is achieved through middleware which is readily adaptable to other PMU projects or applications. Improvements have been made to the original design to increase its flexibility. A new modularized architecture for the OpenPMU is presented using an open messaging format which the authors propose is adopted as a platform for PMU research.
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| 4. |
- Laverty, David M., et al.
(författare)
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OpenPMU technology platform for Synchrophasor research applications
- 2012
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Ingår i: Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467327275 ; , s. 6345398-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- OpenPMU, the Open Source Phasor Measurement Unit, is a platform for the development of Synchrophasor measurement technology in an open source manner. The OpenPMU design modularizes the key components of a Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) into three subsystems; measurement, phase estimation and telecoms. The advantage to the researcher is that the interfaces between each subsystem are open and human readable, allowing for rapid integration of new work into an existing framework. This allows for new work to be prototyped rapidly and tested in an online environment.This paper introduces the OpenPMU technology platform. The subsystem modules and the methods of exchanging data are described. Present work on the platform is discussed and an open invitation to join the development process is extended to all.
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| 5. |
- Laverty, D. M., et al.
(författare)
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The OpenPMU Project : Challenges and perspectives
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PES). - : IEEE. - 9781479913039
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The OpenPMU project is a platform for the development of Synchrophasor measurement technology, Phasor Measurement Units (PMU), in an open source manner. The project has now been operating for a number of years and has seen increased adoption at Universities and interest from electrical utilities. The OpenPMU device has recently been tested against the IEEE C37.118 standard and shown to operate within the specification. This paper discusses the OpenPMU project from the perspective of the past two years of experience and evaluates successes and opportunities for improvements in both the OpenPMU device and the philosophy of the design.
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