| 1. |
- Brozio, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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The origin of Neolithic copper on the central Northern European plain and in Southern Scandinavia: Connectivities on a European scale
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plos One. - 1932-6203. ; 18:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production, distribution and use of copper objects and the development of metallurgical skills in Neolithic Northern Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia are linked to early centres of copper metallurgy of South East Central Europe and Southeast Europe. A total of 45 Neolithic copper objects, until now the largest sample of Early Neolithic objects from the Northern Central European Plain and Southern Scandinavia, were selected for new lead isotope analyses. They aided in the identification of the origin of the copper: These new analyses indicate that the copper ore deposits in Southeastern Europe, especially from the Serbian mining areas, were used for the Early Neolithic northern artefacts (ca. 4100-3300 BC). The most likely sources of copper for the few Middle Neolithic artefacts (ca. 33002800 BC) seem to be from the Slovak Ore Mountains, the Serbian mining areas and the Eastern Alps, whereas deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains and the Alpine region were used for the Late Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age (ca. 2300-1700 BC) artefacts. For the artefacts dated after 2000 BC, the Great Orme mine in Wales also appears to have been the source of copper for the analysed metals. The use of copper from different regions of Europe probably reflects changing social and cultural connectivities on a European scale and the changing chronology of copper exploitation.
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| 2. |
- Gullberg, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Gestures and second language acquisition
- 2014
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Ingår i: Body, language, communication: an international handbook on multimodality in human interaction. ; 2, s. 1868-1875
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedMost people in the world speak more than one language and many learn it as adolescents or adults. The study of second language acquisition (meaning any language learnt after the first language) is concerned with how a new language develops in the presence of an existing one. Since gestures are an integral part of communication, subject to crosslinguistic, socio- and psycholinguistic variation, they become a natural extension of second language (L2), foreign language (FL) and bilingualism studies. Gestures can be examined as a system to be acquired in its own right (the acquisition of gestures), as a window on language development (gestures in acquisition), and as a medium of development (the effect of gestures on acquisition).
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| 3. |
- Hearn, Jeff, et al.
(författare)
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Configurations of Europe
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Perspectives on Men and Masculinities. National and Transnational Approaches. - Houndmills, Basingstoke and New York : Palgrave macmillan. - 1403918139 ; , s. 184-199
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Ngan-Tillard, D., et al.
(författare)
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Under Pressure: A Laboratory Investigation into the Effects of Mechanical Loading on Charred Organic Matter in Archaeological Sites
- 2015
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Ingår i: Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-5522 .- 1350-5033. ; 17:2, s. 122-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present publication investigates what happens to archaeological sites when they are built over. Focus is put on the degradation of charred organic materials by static loading. It is assumed that materials lose archaeological value if their fragments become too small to be recovered, or too distorted to be classified at species level. Several charred ecofacts of a few millimetres in size (wood fragments, hazelnut shells, and seeds) have been selected and subjected to individual particle strength tests. Assemblages of these particles have also been compressed one-dimensionally and scanned at several stages of testing using laboratory based X-ray microtomography. Microscopic damage by splitting or crushing is found to be limited at the macroscopic yield stress. It initiated at stresses less than 80 kPa for the weakest assemblages, and in all cases at stresses below 320 kPa. (80 kPa represents the load of a 6 m high sand embankment on soft soil that has half-settled underneath the groundwater table, while 320 kPa corresponds to stresses applied beneath the pile foundation level of high-rise buildings.) Sand seeded with charred particles has also been tested to illustrate the beneficial effect of embedment of charred particles in sand during static one dimensional loading.
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| 5. |
- Stephens, Lucas, et al.
(författare)
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Archaeological assessment reveals Earth’s early transformation through land use
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 365:6456, s. 897-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans began to leave lasting impacts on Earth’s surface starting 10,000 to 8000 years ago. Through a synthetic collaboration with archaeologists around the globe, Stephens et al. compiled a comprehensive picture of the trajectory of human land use worldwide during the Holocene (see the Perspective by Roberts). Hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists transformed the face of Earth earlier and to a greater extent than has been widely appreciated, a transformation that was essentially global by 3000 years before the present.Science, this issue p. 897; see also p. 865Environmentally transformative human use of land accelerated with the emergence of agriculture, but the extent, trajectory, and implications of these early changes are not well understood. An empirical global assessment of land use from 10,000 years before the present (yr B.P.) to 1850 CE reveals a planet largely transformed by hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists by 3000 years ago, considerably earlier than the dates in the land-use reconstructions commonly used by Earth scientists. Synthesis of knowledge contributed by more than 250 archaeologists highlighted gaps in archaeological expertise and data quality, which peaked for 2000 yr B.P. and in traditionally studied and wealthier regions. Archaeological reconstruction of global land-use history illuminates the deep roots of Earth’s transformation and challenges the emerging Anthropocene paradigm that large-scale anthropogenic global environmental change is mostly a recent phenomenon.
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