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Sökning: WFRF:(Munoz DR) > Doktorsavhandling

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1.
  • Sahlberg, Arne (författare)
  • Multi-sightline neutron emission spectroscopy of D and T fusion plasmas at JET
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • An analysis of the neutron emission from a fusion plasma can be used to determine plasma properties and diagnose fusion performance. In this thesis, several analysis methods for neutron spectroscopy are presented and applied to data from the experimental fusion device JET. JET has numerous instruments for neutron measurements installed, and data from several of them are used in this thesis.The work presented here describes how various plasma parameters affect the neutron emission and how this information can be used to determine properties of the fusion plasma. Forward fitting of models parameterized in terms of the relevant plasma properties are a central part of most of the analysis methods and are used to determine key features of supra-thermal (“fast”) ion distributions for prediction of plasma performance in deuterium-tritium (d-t) experiments, and to determine the branching ratio for the formation of a short-lived 5He resonance in t+t reactions. The thesis also includes work concerning uncertainty quantification of the modeling of the neutron emission rate and the calculation of pile-up distortion of light-yield spectra from liquid scintillator detectors.A major contribution of this thesis is the novel methods for measuring properties of a fast-ion distribution using neutron spectroscopy with multiple sightlines. The combination of data from instruments viewing different parts of the plasma and/or with different viewing angles permits us to study fast-ion behavior in a more consistent and detailed fashion than if we analyze each measurement separately. Another interesting result is the first-ever observation of the neutron spectrum from t+t reactions in a magnetically confined fusion plasma, from which we can learn important things about the t+t reaction in reactor relevant conditions.
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2.
  • Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967- (författare)
  • Experience and Expertise in Conference Interpreting : An investigation of Swedish conference interpreters
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Avhandlingen undersöker tolkningsprocessen och tolkprodukten hos konferenstolkar med olika lång tolkerfarenhet. Detta görs utifrån expertteorin (jmf Ericsson, Charness och Hoffman 2007) tillämpad på tolkning. Enligt expertteorin använder mycket skickliga utövare, oberoende av fält, samma typer av processer och strategier för att nå den absoluta toppen inom sitt gebit. En viktig del av expertteorin är medveten eller avsiktlig övning (deliberate practice), en särskild typ av övning som mycket skickliga utövare använder sig av för att förbättra sin insats.Avhandlingen bygger på fyra olika studier om två olika grupper av deltagare. Deltagarna simultantolkar ett eller två tal från engelska till svenska. Två grupper – en tvärsnittsgrupp med nio deltagare på tre olika tolkerfarenhetsnivåer (ingen erfarenhet, kort erfarenhet och lång erfarenhet) samt en longitudinellgrupp med tre deltagare som spelats in vid två olika tillfällen med 15 års mellanrum – analyserades utifrån både process och produkt data. Tolkprocessen studerades genom att analysera och kategorisera process problem, monitorering och tolkstrategier som tolkarna rapporterat om under retrospektion efter tolkning. Tolkprodukten analyserades genom holistiska bedömningsskalor, en för förståelighet och en för nivån på informationsöverföring. Vidare genomfördes också djupintervjuer med deltagarna i det longitudinella materialet. Syftet var att undersöka hur de uppfattade medveten/avsiktlig övning och hur de såg på sin utveckling och övning av tolkfärdigheten. En viktig del av avhandlingen, förutom resultaten, är utvecklingen av de holistiska bedömningsskalorna (utvecklade från Carroll 1966) och utvecklingen av metoden i djupintervjustudien.Slutsatsen i avhandlingen är att det finns en mätbar skillnad i tolkfärdigheten mellan tolkar med liten eller ingen tolkerfarenhet och tolkar med lång tolkerfarenhet. Denna slutsats fick dock inte stöd i det longitudinella (och intra-individuella) materialet. Skillnaderna mellan grupperna i tvärsnittsmaterialet var också tydliga i processdata. Erfarna tolkar stöter på färre process problem än tolkar med kortare erfarenhet. Det fanns också tydliga skillnader vad gäller förekomsterna av monitorering (alltså kontroll av tolkprocessen och produktionen) mellan erfarna tolkar och övriga deltagare. Monitorering verkar vara en skiljelinje mellan erfarna och oerfarna tolkar, de erfarna tolkarna hade mer process kapacitet tillgänglig för att monitorera sig själva. Detta stöddes också till viss del av djupintervjuerna, där deltagarna rapporterade hur de ständigt utvärderar sig själva i syfte att förbättra sin insats. Ett nyckelantagande som slogs fast i början av projektet – nämligen att erfarna tolkar skulle hävda i djupintervjuerna att de ägnade mycket tid åt att öva färdigheten – fick, till författarens förvåning, inte stöd. Tolkarna rapporterade om många övningslika aktiviteter, men hävdade samtidigt att de inte övade.Avhandlingen avslutas genom ett önskemål om fler studier med fokus på medveten/avsiktlig övning bland tolkar. Dessutom föreslår författaren också att termen “experttolk” eller “expert” ska användas med stor försiktighet i forskningsstudier om just expertkunnande i tolkning. Författaren efterlyser också en bredare diskussion om expertkunnande och medveten/avsiktlig övning. 
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3.
  • Calvillo Munoz, Christian Francisco, 1987- (författare)
  • Energy Management in Smart Cities
  • 2017
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Models and simulators have been widely used in urban contexts for many decades. The drawback of most current models is that they are normally designed for specific objectives, so the elements considered are limited and they do not take into account the potential synergies between related systems. The necessity of a framework to model complex smart city systems with a comprehensive smart city model has been remarked by many authors.Therefore, this PhD thesis presents: i) a general conceptual framework for the modelling of energy related activities in smart cities, based on determining the spheres of influence and intervention areas within the city, and on identifying agents and potential synergies among systems, and ii) the development of a holistic energy model of a smart city for the assessment of different courses of action, given its geo-location, regulatory and technical constraints, and current energy markets. This involves the creation of an optimization model that permits the optimal planning and operation of energy resources within the city.In addition, several analyses were carried out to explore different hypothesis for the smart city energy model, including:a)      an assessment of the importance of including network thermal constraints in the planning and operation of DER systems at a low voltage distribution level,b)      an analysis of aggregator’s market modelling approaches and the impact on prices due to DER aggregation levels, andc)      an analysis of synergies between different systems in a smart city context.Some of the main findings are:It is sensible to not consider network thermal constraints in the planning of DER systems. Results showed that the benefit decrement of considering network constraints was approximatively equivalent to the cost of reinforcing the network when necessary after planning without considering network constraints.The level of aggregation affects the planning and overall benefits of DER systems. Also, price-maker approaches could be more appropriate for the planning and operation of energy resources for medium to large aggregation sizes, but could be unnecessary for small sizes, with low expected impact on the market price.Synergies between different energy systems exist in an interconnected smart city context. Results showed that the overall benefits of a joint management of systems were greater than those of the independently managed systems.Lastly, the smart city energy model was applied to a case study simulating a real smart city implementation, considering five real districts in the southern area of Madrid, Spain. This analysis allowed to assess the potential benefits of the implementation of a real smart city programme, and showed how the proposed smart city energy model could be used for the planning of pilot projects. To the best of our knowledge, such a smart city energy model and modelling framework had not been developed and applied yet, and no economic results in terms of the potential benefits of such a smart city initiative had been previously reported.
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4.
  • Veganzones Muñoz, José Javier, 1989- (författare)
  • Bridge Overhang Slabs with Edge Beams : LCCA and Structural Analysis for the Development of New Concepts
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Bridge edge beams are associated with high life-cycle costs because of the need of maintenance, which also causes traffic disturbances. For this reason, the Swedish Transport Administration started a project to find better solutions. One of the proposals was a design without edge beam. However, the edge beam contributesto the load distribution and its removal would imply a loss of robustness, especially in bridges with overhang slabs. The efficiency of this effect depends onthe width of the overhang slab. Moreover, the width of the slab in itself, even inthe absence of an edge beam, may influence the load capacity of the structure. These aspects are paramount for the performance of tests that study the shear capacity of overhang slabs and assess design methods.The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of functional edge beam solutions in terms of cost and investigate the structural behavior of bridge overhang slabs with edge beams. A life-cycle cost analysis was the method to evaluate and identify edge beam alternatives that could qualify for further studies, including the use of stainless steel. Non-linear FE-analyses validated from experimental tests were used to investigate the influence of this member and the width of the overhang slab on the structural behavior under concentrated loads. Recommendations for minimal widths that ensure full load capacity of experimental specimens and an assessment of the existing calculation methods with special emphasis on the effective width were also studied.The outcome led to the implementation of new edge beam solutions. The results showed that the influence of the edge beam is not only quantitative due to its load-carrying function but also qualitative as it may affect the failure mode. The load capacity increased with the width until a threshold was reached. The mechanisms behind were the increase of shear capacity and the distribution of the forces sideways, with an eventual redistribution. Recommendations for minimal widths that ensure full capacity were presented for its consideration in the design of experimental tests, with or without edge beams. Effective widths are practical for a preliminary design but may lead to unreliable estimates. Modified approaches given the control section and the presence of an edge beam were proposed.
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