| 1. |
- Solér, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Rammevilkår og strategier for hydrogen i transportsektoren
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Interreg project Blue Move promotes increased use of renewable energy to replace fossil fuels in the Øresund-Kattagat-Skagerrak (ØKS) region. International, national, regional and local framework conditions, strategies and measures are crucial in making the transport sector emission-free. Such framework conditions and strategies providing examples of what can be done at local and regional level to promote emission-free transport are described including analysis of business models for the use of hydrogen for transport, as well as proposals for strategic roadmap bullet points and a concrete checklist for municipalities that wish to facilitate emission-free transport. The purpose of the report is to help both public and private stakeholders succeed in introducing hydrogen as a fuel. A tight interaction between the public and private sector is seen crucial to secure a successful outcome. Municipalities and counties/regions have important roles as facilitators and first movers including hydrogen vehicles in their own car fleet and for public transport. Through its purchasing power, public authorities can drive development in the right direction by demanding the use of emission-free fuels. At the same time, the private sector has important roles in building and operating infrastructure, as well as adopting hydrogen fuelled passenger cars and utility vehicle.The report describes framework conditions and strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport at EU level and down to local level. There is a strong connection between these strategies; To achieve the EU goals, each country must set its own goals. Similar, to reach the national targets, measures must be taken at local and regional level. In Chapter 3, the EU goals and strategies are described. Chapter 4 addresses the national framework conditions and strategies in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. It appears that there are great variations in which instruments are used in the countries to promote emission-free transport. In Chapter 5, a range of insights into regional and local strategies, action plans and measures are provided. In an early phase, sustainable business models might be hard to find without financial support both for private and public stakeholders. In a Blue Move feasability study [BLUE MOVE WP3] the potential of hydrogen as an energy carrier in the ØKS region was illuminated through several case descriptions. In Chapter 6, a brief analysis of the business models described by these cases is provided. Then, a numerical example is presented illustrating the profitability of a small hydrogen station related to a fixed refuelling demand. Next, the possibility of infrastructure development in elucidation of construction machinery and coordinated initiatives in the field of heavy transport are described. At the very end of the chapter, a study of the potential for temporary hydrogen filling stations in Norway and Sweden is summarised. Finally, the report provides some practical advice on how to get more hydrogen on the road. Here, 10 roadmap bullet points at a slightly higher level for what and how to focus are given. Furthermore, a concrete 10-point checklist for municipalities is presented. The municipalities play an important role in transforming their own vehicle fleet and facilitating that private sector and its residents being able to run emissions-free. Our aim is that the report will inspire both public and private sector to plan and implement concrete measures to increase the use of hydrogen for transport and by these means achieve its goals of reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
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| 2. |
- Cornander, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The Blue Move for a Green Economy : Behovsstudie och teknikkartläggning av arbetsmaskiner
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Blue Move project aims to generate an increased demand for hydrogen as a fuel and investigate the business potential of heavy machinery in the Öresund-Kattegatt- Skagerrak (ÖKS) region, contributing for renewable energy in the transport sector to increase. The use of heavy machinery generates significant carbon dioxide emissions and local air pollution. By using machines with batteries and/or fuel cells instead of combustion engines, local air pollution and climate impact from the machines can be reduced. Electrification also reduces noise and vibration problems, contributing to an improved local and working environment. Customers' requirements are changing and within the near future some clients will only buy zero-emission vehicles. For example, many municipalities have high environmental targets and aim to be climate neutral and fossil fuel-free by 2030. Setting the requirements for public procurement, municipalities and regions become very important players in the process of converting to fossil fuel-free working machines. Electrification is on the rise and the development is fast, which, in addition to the environmental benefits, allows many benefits such as increased service life and a reduced number of components. The cost and character of the service of the vehicles will also change. The choice between electrical operation with batteries or with fuel cells depends on the cost, weight and space requirement for the current energy need. When operating on fuel cells, the heavy machinery can be quickly fueled, and it has an unchanged performance from full to empty tank. The use of fuel cells is also space-saving compared with fullelectric machines since areas for charging or battery change are not required. Today there are both battery and fuel cell - electric heavy machinery available on the market. This report gives an overview of available equipment, but also prototype and demo machines. Both a continued technical development and an increased market share for emission-free vehicles are required to meet future environmental goals. In order to achieve success, it is important that customers and manufacturers meet.
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| 3. |
- Ekman Nilsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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A review of carbon footprint of Cu and Zn production from primary and secondary sources
- 2017
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Ingår i: Minerals. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-163X. ; 7:9, s. 168-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) with their unique propertiesare central for economic growth, quality of life and creation of new jobs. The base-metalproducing sector is, however, under growing public pressure in respect toenergy and water requirements and needs to meet several challenges, includingincreased demand and lower ore grades generally associated with larger resourceuse. The development of technologies for metal production from secondarysources is often motivated by increased sustainability and this paper aims to providefurther insights about one specific aspect of sustainability, namely climatechange. The paper presents a review of carbon footprints (CF) for Cu and Znproduced from primary and secondary raw materials, by analyzing data taken fromscientific literature and the Ecoinvent database. Comparisons are carried outbased on the source of data selected as reference case. In the case of Cu,reduced CF of secondary production is indicated, although there is large datavariation. As for Zn, production of this metal from secondary sources seems to bebeneficial but the number of data and cases to be compared is much smallercompared to Cu. The general variation of data suggests that standardization ofcomparison is needed when assessing the environmental benefits of production inline with the principles of waste valorization, zero waste approach andcircular economy.
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| 4. |
- Landquist, Birgit, et al.
(författare)
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Uppdaterad och utökad livscykelanalys av svensk grisproduktion
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förbättrade produktionsresultat inom svensk grisproduktion, användning av biproduk-ter och djurhälsans betydelse har analyserats i en livscykelanalys. Klimatavtrycket för kött från en svensk medelgris är 2,54 kg koldioxidekvivalenter/kg slaktvikt, vilket är bland de lägsta jämfört med tillgängliga internationella studier. Produktionen av foder står för 54 % av klimatavtrycket och hanteringen av stallgödsel för 36 %. Av foderstaten till den svenska integrerade medelslaktgrisen utgjorde biprodukter 10 % och soja 4 %. Baserat på antalet dagars förlängd uppfödningstid för sjuka grisar, visar vi att 3,4 % av klimatavtrycket beror på ökad foderförbrukning orsakad av fyra utvalda sjukdomar i svenska grisbesättningar. Produktionshöjande åtgärder såsom exempelvis friska grisar och hög fodereffektivitet, övergång till förnybara bränslen inom såväl odling av foder som inom grisuppfödning är viktiga åtgärder för att minska klimatavtrycket givet att det inte påverkar andra miljöaspekter, djurhälsa eller djurvälfärd negativt. En central aspekt är fortsatt utveckling mot välbalanserade foderstater med val av foderråvaror med lågt klimatavtryck, användning av biprodukter och inhemska fodergrödor odlade på ett hållbart sätt.
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| 5. |
- Martínez-Sanz, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Alternative protocols for the production of more sustainable agar-based extracts from Gelidium sesquipedale
- 2021
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Ingår i: Algal Research. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2211-9264. ; 55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agar-based extracts from Gelidium sesquipedale were obtained by applying a conventional hot water treatment and alternative ultrasound- and microwave-assisted methods, with and without the application of an alkaline pre-treatment. The alkaline pre-treatment produced refined extracts with higher purity; however, extraction yields increased from 2–5% to 7–19% by omitting this step. In particular, the ultrasound-assisted extraction allowed reducing 4-fold the extraction time, while keeping constant or even increasing the yield (up to 19% for the 1 h extraction) with respect to the conventional protocol. Interestingly, the presence of proteins and polyphenols conferred the semi-refined extracts a relatively high antioxidant capacity (19–24 μmol TE/g extract). The refined extract produced by the standard protocol formed the strongest hydrogels (>1000 g/cm2). On the other hand, the semi-refined extracts produced by the alternative protocols formed slightly stronger hydrogels (337–438 g/cm2) than the refined counterparts (224–311 g/cm2), due to their greater molecular weights of the former ones. LCA assessment showed lower global warming potential for the semi-refined extracts, especially the ultrasound-assisted extraction, hence highlighting the potential of this method to produce more sustainable agar-based extracts for food-related applications.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Åkerlund, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Stable IgG-antibody levels in patients with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medrxiv. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More knowledge regarding persistence of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infections in the general population with mild symptoms is needed. We measured and compared levels of SARS CoV-2 spike- and nucleocapsid-specific IgG-antibodies in serum samples from 145 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases and 324 non-cases. The IgG-antibody levels against the spike protein in cases were stable over the time-period studied (14 to 256 days), while antibody levels against the nucleocapsid protein decreased over time
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